Treatment of Alopecia Areata and Its Numerous Possibilities: A Literature Review

The literature review on alopecia areata (AA) examines a range of treatment options, emphasizing the importance of personalized treatment plans due to the variability in patient response. Topical therapies, particularly corticosteroids, are effective for mild cases, while systemic therapies are recommended for moderate to severe AA. Intralesional corticosteroids show promising results, with 71% of patients experiencing hair regrowth, though they may cause skin atrophy. JAK inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib and tofacitinib, demonstrate potential but often lead to relapse after treatment. Combination therapies, including diphenylcyclopropenone with anthralin, are noted for their effectiveness in chronic extensive cases. Despite the promise of newer treatments like JAK inhibitors and biological treatments, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety. The review highlights the psychological impact of AA and advocates for a comprehensive approach to management, including early intervention and individualized strategies.