Recent Advances on the Mechanisms of Kidney Stone Formation

June 2021 in “ International Journal of Molecular Medicine ”

Zhu Wang, Ying Zhang, Jianwen Zhang, Qiong Deng, Hui Liang

TLDR Kidney stones form due to factors like urine concentration, calcium deposits, hormones, gut bacteria, and immune response.

The review discussed the unclear mechanisms of kidney stone formation, highlighting five main mechanisms: urinary supersaturation and crystallization, Randall's plaques as origins of calcium oxalate stones, the role of sex hormones, the impact of the microbiome, and the immune response, particularly macrophage differentiation. These insights aimed to guide future research and improve understanding for medical professionals.

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