Efficacy of Exosomes in Acute Kidney Injury Treatment and the Associated Mechanism

This review examines the potential of exosomes, particularly those derived from mesenchymal stem cells, as a treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI). In animal models, these exosomes have shown promise in repairing renal tubules, reducing inflammation, and protecting against fibrosis and oxidative stress through their microRNA and protein contents. However, the efficacy of exosomes in humans is under-researched due to ethical constraints and the complex nature of AKI. The review highlights the need for further studies on exosomes from various cell sources and their mechanisms in AKI treatment, as well as advancements in exosome engineering and nanotechnology. Despite their potential, challenges such as ethical issues and unclear mechanisms persist.