16 citations
,
October 2009 in “Xenobiotica” This study found no evidence that the tested hair dye ingredients undergo hepatic metabolism to reactive oxidized metabolites in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes.
79 citations
,
January 1975 in “Food and Cosmetics Toxicology” In this study, oxidation hair dye formulations tested on mice showed no evidence of causing systemic toxicity or cancer over an 18-month period.
10 citations
,
March 2016 in “Toxicology and applied pharmacology” This study reports that A132, a hair dye ingredient, induces phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity via mitochondrial apoptosis when exposed to sunlight, suggesting potential risks of oxidative stress and hair damage.
6 citations
,
January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Nanoparticles could make hair dyes safer by reducing harmful effects.
6 citations
,
March 2015 in “European Journal of Public Health” This study suggests that long-term use of hair dyes may be associated with higher testosterone levels among premenopausal Japanese women.