127 citations
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March 1999 in “International Journal of Cancer” This study from Athens, Greece observed that urban living may increase prostate cancer risk, while early adulthood sexual activity might inversely relate to this risk.
December 2010 in “Jurnal Natural (Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Syiah Kuala University)” This thesis explores both environmental and genetic factors in prostate cancer, focusing on surrogate hormone markers, medical radiation, family history, and genetic polymorphisms related to DNA repair and hormone marker genes, but reports no new clinical findings.
65 citations
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September 2017 in “British Journal of Cancer” In this large British study, prostate cancer risk was linked to ethnicity, family history, prostate enlargement, and PSA testing, while excess adiposity, smoking, diabetes, and certain lifestyle factors were associated with a reduced risk.
30 citations
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November 2000 in “British Journal of Cancer” This study found that certain endocrine factors, influenced by smoking, birth order, and frequency of orgasms, may play an important role in the development of male breast cancer.
March 2024 in “PLoS medicine” This study systematically reviewed meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies to identify factors influencing prostate cancer risk, finding suggestive associations for physical activity, height, and smoking but no robust, convincing overlapping evidence across tested factors.