3D Bioprinting Skin Equivalents: A Methodological Perspective on Human Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Models for Wound Repair and Regeneration

This review article discusses the potential of 3D bioprinting in creating skin substitutes for wound repair and regeneration, highlighting the challenges due to the structural and cellular complexity of skin. The review, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzed 18 studies focusing on constructs using human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Most studies employed extrusion-based bioprinting with gelatin-based hydrogels, and some included additional materials like fibrinogen and alginate. The studies primarily originated from China and the United States, with many validating results through animal models. The review emphasizes the need for standardized protocols to enhance replicability and clinical applicability, suggesting future integration of computational modeling or machine learning to advance these technologies.