13 citations
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February 2020 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Microneedling and oral tranexamic acid both improve facial melasma, but microneedling shows more sustained benefits.
4 citations
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December 2023 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Topical metformin effectively treats melasma with minimal side effects.
May 2024 in “Pigment International” Several treatments are effective for pigmentary disorders like vitiligo and melasma.
138 citations
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June 2023 in “Molecules” Skin pigmentation varies due to genetics, UV exposure, and drugs, with treatments available but requiring medical advice.
10 citations
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May 2015 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” New treatments for skin and hair disorders in women of color address unique biological differences and include specific acne medications, sunscreens, skin lighteners, and hair care adjustments.