82 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” This study found that human skin with hair follicles and sebaceous glands absorbed significantly more steroids than scar skin without these appendages, indicating their role in steroid penetration.
25 citations
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June 2015 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that using an electrical microneedling device enhanced the penetration of liposomal melanin-fluorescein into hair structures and widened the follicular infundibulum in ex vivo human skin models.
4 citations
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July 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that adapalene-loaded microemulsions significantly enhanced the drug's penetration through guinea pig skin compared to an aqueous suspension, with factors like surfactant ratios and the water-oil phase balance affecting the transfollicular drug delivery efficiency.
10 citations
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July 2021 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study reported that larger caffeine nanocrystals, at 694 nm, increased caffeine bioavailability via transfollicular penetration compared to smaller nanocrystals, especially in long-term serum concentration measurements.
29 citations
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June 2014 in “Drug delivery” This study reported that nanoemulsions significantly improved the skin permeability of thiocolchicoside compared to its aqueous solution, suggesting they are effective carriers for its transdermal delivery.