6 citations
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September 2024 in “Metabolism and Target Organ Damage” The document discusses the significant role of skin enzymes in the metabolism of topical drugs, highlighting their ability to convert prodrug compounds into active pharmaceutical ingredients through enzymatic action. The skin acts as a barrier that metabolizes, filters, and detoxifies drugs, impacting their pharmacokinetics and minimizing side effects. Understanding skin enzyme activity is crucial for evaluating the safety and bioequivalence of topical drugs, necessitating models that assess enzyme metabolic activity in both healthy and compromised skin. The review compiles information on skin metabolizing enzymes, their roles, localization, and quantification, and discusses factors affecting enzyme metabolism in drug development. Regulatory efforts are also noted in developing protocols for evaluating transdermal product metabolism.
38 citations
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February 2005 in “The journal of sexual medicine” The testosterone patch and gel are both effective, but they have different absorption patterns and effects on hormone levels.
2 citations
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January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Lipid nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin, offering stability, controlled release, and better compatibility with skin.
24 citations
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June 2018 in “Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research” Microneedle technology is beneficial for drug delivery and could make vaccinations cheaper and more accessible.
188 citations
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October 2012 in “The AAPS Journal” The document concludes that developing generic topical drugs requires ensuring they match the original in quality, composition, and structure, and often involves complex testing and regulatory steps.