365 citations
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March 2021 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This review discusses the potential of nanocarriers to enhance transdermal drug delivery and the combination of these carriers with physical methods, but it reports no new experimental results.
253 citations
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June 2004 in “Journal of Controlled Release” The research observed that 40-nm self-assembled nanoparticles enhanced minoxidil penetration in hairy guinea pig skin compared to 130-nm nanoparticles, but this size effect was absent in hairless skin.
222 citations
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January 2003 in “Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems” This review discusses the capabilities of ethosomes as drug delivery carriers and reports improved outcomes in a clinical study with an ethosomal acyclovir formulation.
181 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of controlled release” In this study, researchers found that in hairy guinea pig skin, minoxidil delivered via 40-nm nanoparticles had higher skin penetration than 130-nm nanoparticles, indicating nanoparticle size affects permeation.
151 citations
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November 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This review discusses various nanoparticles and nanoemulsions being investigated for transdermal drug delivery and reports no clinical results; it highlights potential applications in treating alopecia, wound healing, psoriasis, and melanoma.