12 citations
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March 2016 in “BBA clinical” This study found that intracellular Toll-like receptors were significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of alopecia areata patients, suggesting a potential role in inflammatory signaling and pathogenesis.
This study found that expressions of TLR-3, TLR-7, TLR-8, and TLR-9 were significantly higher in alopecia areata patients compared to healthy controls, indicating a potential role in disease autoimmunity.
9 citations
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January 2018 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” This study found that carbonic anhydrase II was significantly upregulated in human keratinocytes when treated with toll-like receptor 3 agonist and Th2 cytokines, suggesting its potential role in inflammatory skin conditions.