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In this study, 17β-estradiol increased VEGF production in differentiated THP-1 cells, while dihydrotestosterone counteracted this effect by modulating adenylate cyclase activity.

This study found that PX-12 inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome and reduced psoriasis-like symptoms in a mouse model, suggesting its potential as a treatment for psoriasis.

This study found that the progesterone metabolite 3α-THP increased the proliferation and gene expression of human glioblastoma cells, suggesting a role in tumor progression.

This study found that a hydrogel containing icariin enhanced wound healing and hair-follicle regeneration in vivo by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and modulating the BMP pathway, with treated skin defects showing improved recovery and new hair follicle development compared to untreated defects.

In this study, researchers isolated new compounds from the plant *Calanthe cardioglossa* and found that five of these compounds, particularly calancardin B, significantly reduced TNF-α levels in immune cells relevant to multiple sclerosis, suggesting potential for immunomodulatory effects.