220 citations
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June 2013 in “The Journal of Pathology” This study found that immune privilege collapse in the hair follicle bulge and associated immune responses may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of lichen planopilaris, suggesting a potential autoimmune basis for the disease.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dithranol reduces inflammation in alopecia areata by lowering certain immune responses.
127 citations
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January 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic mechanisms, specifically involving granzyme B and Fas pathways, are associated with chronic alopecia areata, indicating their potential role in the disease's persistence.
18 citations
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January 2017 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology” This study found that Th17 lymphocytes may play a more crucial role than cytotoxic T cells in the development of alopecia areata due to their infiltration around the hair bulb/bulge, which exacerbates hair loss as histopathological grade worsens.
July 2026 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” This review highlights that alopecia areata is characterized by three immune endotypes, and while JAK inhibitors offer temporary control, upcoming multi-omics diagnostics and immune reprogramming strategies may achieve longer-lasting remission, according to this analysis.