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This review discusses immune pathways involved in alopecia areata and explores emerging, more targeted therapeutic strategies, noting their potential for better safety and effectiveness compared to traditional immune suppressants.

This review of 32 articles suggests a stronger association between alopecia areata and allergic rhinitis than asthma in both adults and children, indicating a potential Th2-mediated component.

This study suggests that targeting specific immune pathways, such as IL-12/23 and Th2 cytokines, may offer new treatment options for alopecia areata, a T-cell-mediated disease without current mechanism-specific therapies.

This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

This study found that both Th1 and Th2 cytokine markers were elevated in the serum and skin of patients with alopecia areata, with Th2 markers more closely linked to disease severity.