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In this case report, a 62-year-old woman's persistent frontal fibrosing alopecia while on the psoriasis medication ustekinumab suggests that IL-12 and IL-23 inhibition may not be effective in treating this scarring alopecia, challenging the role of Th1 and Th17 pathways in its pathogenesis.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata and their healthy family members had elevated levels of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines, suggesting a genetic link in cytokine dysregulation.

This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.

This study found that reduced expression of CD200R1 on monocyte-derived macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly associated with higher disease severity and an imbalance in Th17/Treg cells.

This review highlights that alopecia areata is characterized by three immune endotypes, and while JAK inhibitors offer temporary control, upcoming multi-omics diagnostics and immune reprogramming strategies may achieve longer-lasting remission, according to this analysis.