This study found that men with benign prostate hyperplasia showed increased meibomian gland dysfunction and tear film instability compared to age-matched controls, and were also more likely to have androgenic alopecia.
November 2025 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that a blink frequency of at least 20 blinks per minute is necessary to maintain tear film stability in young participants with dry eye symptoms, with lower frequencies significantly worsening various indicators of eye dryness.
18 citations
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March 2014 in “Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods” This study found that ovariectomized and finasteride-treated rats showed significant tear film deficiency and downregulation of sex steroid receptors in ocular tissues, suggesting potential models for studying dry eye disorders.
27 citations
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January 2016 in “Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry” This study found that the extract of Bidens pilosa L. improved dry eye symptoms associated with androgen deficiency in rats by enhancing tear production, stabilizing the tear film, and reducing lacrimal gland inflammation.
15 citations
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June 2021 in “Medicina” This study found that combined intense pulsed light and low-level light therapy significantly improved ocular surface outcomes and quality of life for patients with meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye disease.