May 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study found that p63 needs signals from morphogens to help skin cells differentiate properly.
39 citations,
March 2022 in “Nature Protocols” Researchers have developed a protocol to generate hair-bearing skin tissue from human pluripotent stem cells in a 3D in vitro culture system. Over 2 weeks, these stem cells differentiate into surface ectoderm and cranial neural crest cells, forming the epidermis and dermis. After 60 days, hair follicles appear, and by 130 days, the organoids exhibit full complexity, including stratified skin layers, pigmented hair follicles, sebaceous glands, Merkel cells, and sensory neurons, mimicking fetal skin at 18 weeks of gestation. These organoids can be cultured for up to 150 days, offering a model for studying skin biology, disease, and potential skin tissue regeneration.
25 citations,
May 2013 in “Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia” Hedgehog signaling is crucial for mammary gland development over hair follicles.
19 citations,
January 2015 in “Development” Hoxc8 gene helps start mammary gland development by controlling specific signals.
160 citations,
January 2014 in “Seminars in cell & developmental biology” Early development of hair, teeth, and glands involves specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions.