17 citations,
August 2019 in “JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery” Some men lost hair after deoxycholic acid treatment for neck fat, but most saw improvement or resolution.
7 citations,
September 2018 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” Deoxycholic acid effectively reduces double chin fat with temporary side effects and high patient satisfaction.
25 citations,
July 2020 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Deoxycholic acid is effective for reducing chin fat but can cause side effects and serious complications, so careful patient evaluation is needed.
12 citations,
April 2014 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Direct excision techniques can rejuvenate the neck but may not enhance the jawline and could cause neck-face disharmony if done incorrectly.
39 citations,
October 2018 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” Injectables can feminize or masculinize a transgender person's face, but more research is needed for best practices.