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This study developed an advanced HPLC-ESI-ion trap MS(n) method for the structural identification of cyclosporin A analogs CyA and CyC and reported the first MS(n)-aided identification of a new CyA analog.

This study identified a cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP-pa1 from Pseudonocardia autotrophica, as responsible for the specific hydroxylation of cyclosporin A at the 9th N-methyl leucine, suggesting potential for biotechnological applications.

This study found that regio-specific hydroxylation of cyclosporine A in Sebekia benihana is mediated by the cytochrome P450 hydroxylase CYP-sb21, suggesting potential biotechnological applications for hair growth promotion without immunosuppressive effects.

This study found that hair follicle stem cells from the bulge region in mice and humans can be isolated and cultured to maintain their phenotype and high proliferative capacity, suggesting their potential as an accessible source for tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.

This review discusses the potential applications and advantages of encapsulating single cells for use in therapeutics and diagnostics, while also evaluating various methods for effectively creating and sorting single-cell units despite challenges in production and cost.