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This review discusses the history and composition of permanent hair waving products for different hair types and reports no new research findings.

This review examines the benefits and preparation methods of herbal versus chemical depilatories, highlighting the potential safety and efficacy advantages of herbal ingredients but provides no new experimental findings.

This study observed that repeated perm treatments decrease disulfide bonds in hair due to their conversion largely into cysteic acid, affecting the waving efficiency depending on the reduction agent used.

In this study, liposome-encapsulated thioglycolic acid improved hair perming by enhancing the penetration of perm solutions, resulting in a stronger S-shaped wave and higher cysteine content compared to the control.

This study found that a new eco-friendly hair crosslinking method using visible light and non-toxic chemicals caused less damage and improved mechanical properties compared to traditional thioglycolic acid treatment.