28 citations
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July 2008 in “Developmental Biology” This study found that the loss of Smad4 in keratinocytes reduces Dsg4 expression via disrupted BMP signaling, contributing to hair follicle degeneration and alopecia.
22 citations
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January 2014 in “Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study found that ginsenoside F2 may suppress hair cell apoptosis and improve hair growth outcomes in a DHT-induced hair loss model more effectively than finasteride.
October 2025 in “Records of Natural Products” This research found that kaempferol, a flavonoid from hair growth-promoting plants, significantly enhanced human dermal papilla cell proliferation and inhibited specific signaling pathways, outperforming minoxidil, with topical application in mice promoting hair growth and thickness, indicating potential as a natural hair loss treatment.
11 citations
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July 2015 in “Gene” This study found that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) suppresses prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β induced IGF-I gene promoter activity in osteoblasts, suggesting complex interactions among bone growth regulators and potential complications from anabolic steroid use.
April 2026 in “Inflammopharmacology” This study found that Punica granatum ethanolic leaf extract may alleviate skin fibrosis in rats by modulating inflammation-related pathways and reducing dermal alterations.