September 2022 in “Medical Mycology” This study found that patients with androgenic alopecia exhibited higher levels of Malassezia colonization and altered sebum composition compared to individuals without AGA.
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October 2024 in “Cureus” This study reported that women with polycystic ovarian syndrome have higher serum irisin levels, which are associated with metabolic and hormonal imbalances, including hyperandrogenism, total cholesterol, and visceral fat.
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October 2021 in “Microorganisms” This study suggests that both the sebum composition and microbial imbalance on the scalp may play a role in the development of androgenetic alopecia among Japanese males.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that sensitive scalp is characterized by increased pH levels, redness, altered sebum composition, and a disrupted microbiome, suggesting these features could inform treatment approaches.
November 2025 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” This study found that hair steroid profiling is a feasible, non-invasive alternative to serum analysis in adolescents, with androgen levels correlating more strongly with body size and composition in boys than girls.