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This article reviews molecular and genetic mechanisms in the development of androgenic alopecia and examines the relationship between androgen receptor gene polymorphism and androgen-dependent diseases, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found an association between 'short' CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene and increased non-random X chromosome inactivation in women with androgenic alopecia.

This case study describes a patient with Turner syndrome who, despite lacking many classic features, presented with multiple autoimmune diseases, suggesting a link between complex X chromosome rearrangements and increased autoimmune risk.

This review examines biological reasons for sex-based differences in COVID-19 outcomes, noting that females exhibit stronger immune responses, potentially explaining lower severity and mortality compared to males.

This review discusses the role of lncRNA Xist in cell growth regulation and disease development, particularly cancer, and reports no new experimental results.

This study suggests that longer GGN repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in women.

This review discusses sex differences in immune responses and highlights mechanisms involving sex hormones, X-linked genes, and X-Chromosome Inactivation, but reports no new clinical findings.

Females are more prone to lupus and arthritis due to X chromosome factors.

In this study, treatment with human follicular keratinocyte-conditioned media improved the trichogenicity of cultured dermal cells by activating key signalling pathways, suggesting its potential use in cell therapy for hair loss.

Martin-Perez et al. show that rapamycin's beneficial effects in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome are linked to the downregulation of protein kinase C.

This review suggests that skin may largely protect itself from CYP-generated reactive metabolites due to higher conjugating enzyme activities, while highlighting limitations in modeling human skin metabolism experimentally.

This study reported that depleting the pro-apoptotic protein Bax in hair follicle stem cells enables these cells to kill nearby viable cells by sequestering TNFα, which increases the stem cell pool and accelerates tissue regeneration, suggesting potential implications for therapies targeting tissue repair and cancer.

Krt6a-Cre transgenic mice help study gene effects on hair follicle development and tumor suppression.

This study found that the vitamin D receptor is crucial for initiating the postnatal hair follicular cycle in mice, preventing alopecia associated with its inactivation.

This paper discusses X-linked ichthyosis and its genetic causes, focusing on biochemical pathways and their role in epidermal differentiation and barrier function, but it presents no new clinical findings.

This study reports that X chromosomes often show greater differentiation between human populations than autosomes, likely due to a mix of demography and selection pressures.

In this study, researchers identified a novel STS gene (c.287G > A; p.W96*) mutation in Pakistani individuals with X-linked ichthyosis, expanding the understanding of its genetic causes and aiding in genetic counseling.

This report describes a patient with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia who lacked the usual hair growth issues, highlighting the challenge of diagnosing this condition due to atypical presentations and underscoring the need for awareness to improve management and future planning.

This study found that repeatedly collecting hair follicles from individuals with fragile X syndrome is feasible for measuring FMR1 and FMRP levels in both home and office settings.

This study suggests that inactivation of β-catenin is necessary for chick retina regeneration, as it allows cells to enter the cell cycle during injury and promotes regeneration without needing FGF2.

This study found that autophagy plays a role in sebaceous gland function and sebum composition control in mice lacking the Atg7 gene in keratinocytes.

This study found that hair from mice with the Naked trait mutation has significantly lower levels of glycine and tyrosine, suggesting a deficiency in a specific protein fraction.

This article discusses challenges primary care physicians face in diagnosing and treating depression, noting that up to one-third of antidepressant prescriptions involve non-indicated use; it also introduces FDA-approved treatments, esketamine nasal spray, and brexanolone IV injection.

Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.

This review discusses the complex interaction between androgens and hair follicle biology, highlighting the need for a better understanding to improve hirsutism treatments, but reports no new results.

This study found that glucose starvation and hypoxia are physiological triggers of ER stress in in vitro differentiated adipocytes, rather than high concentrations of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, or proinflammatory cytokines.

This review discusses the historical and current use of ribosome-inactivating protein-expressing plants in traditional medicine across various cultures and regions, highlighting their role despite a lack of scientific validation.

This study found that SZ95 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes exhibit distinct enzyme expressions and activities, implicating their different roles in androgen metabolism and homeostasis in vitro.

This study found that cortisone reductase deficiency is caused by inactivating mutations in the H6PD gene, affecting cortisol metabolism by preventing 11β-HSD1 enzyme function.