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Melasma is a skin condition linked to female hormones, genetics, UV exposure, and certain medications, but not to pituitary, adrenal, or thyroid diseases.

Pregnancy can cause various skin changes and diseases, with PUPPP being the most common skin condition specific to pregnancy.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis is crucial for effectively treating common scalp disorders, which often have similar symptoms.

Itraconazole was effective in treating unusual M. canis infections in only one of two HIV-infected men.

The most common causes of hair loss in Jordanian children are fungal infections, autoimmune hair loss, and hair shedding after fever, with zinc deficiency also being a notable cause.

Griseofulvin effectively treats tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis.

Pregnancy can cause skin pigmentation, stretch marks, and changes in hair, nails, and sweat glands, with most resolving after birth.

A young man was initially misdiagnosed with a scalp condition but was found to have a fungal infection, which improved with antifungal treatment.

Antigens from skin cells may cause hair loss in perinevoid alopecia.

Bovines can have rare inherited skin diseases with specific symptoms like hair loss, fragile skin, and abnormal porphyrin buildup.

Pregnancy can cause skin darkening, varicose veins, more sweating, hair growth, hair loss after birth, nail changes, and gum inflammation.

Lichen planus pigmentosus causes dark skin patches and is treated by avoiding triggers and using anti-inflammatory medications.

The yeast Pityrosporum ovale can cause skin allergies and infections, and antifungal treatments like ketoconazole are effective against it.

To treat tinea capitis in children, oral antifungal medication is necessary, with newer drugs offering shorter treatment times than the traditional griseofulvin.

Tinea capitis is a common scalp infection causing hair loss, mostly in young children.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia's cause is unclear, affects mainly postmenopausal women, and current treatments focus on stopping hair loss rather than regrowth.

A new method helps isolate key hair components to study hair growth and loss.

The document concludes that various childhood hair and nail disorders exist, some may improve on their own, and advances in genetics and immunology could enhance treatment and counseling.

Most types of hair loss can regrow naturally, but there are no effective cures for male pattern or age-related hair loss, and only limited options for females.

Segmental Vitiligo is a stable, early-onset form of vitiligo that responds well to early treatment and is ideal for repigmentation studies.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cause skin side effects like rashes, hair loss, and nail changes, which are usually managed with conservative treatments.

Pregnancy can cause skin changes and conditions that need correct diagnosis and treatment for the health of the mother and baby.

The document concludes that managing skin conditions during pregnancy is important and requires specialized care.

A 9-year-old girl with a healthy immune system was successfully treated for a severe fungal scalp infection caused by Microsporum audouinii.

FFA patients have fewer melanocytes and thinner skin compared to others.

Shaving, erythromycin cream, and clotrimazole powder effectively treated the bad odor and rough hair.

A red fox with skin lesions was cured of a fungal infection after treatment.

The skin conditions of Iraqi women changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with more hair loss and skin irritation but fewer contagious skin infections.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to more hair loss and skin irritation among Iraqi women, with some skin conditions increasing and others decreasing.

The chapter explains common scalp conditions, including infections, infestations, and tumors.