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The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Tiny pollution particles called PM2.5 can harm skin cells by causing stress, damage to cell parts, and cell death.

PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.

Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.

Lactate production is important for activating hair growth stem cells.

A gene called APCDD1, which controls hair growth, is found to be faulty in a type of hair loss called hereditary hypotrichosis simplex.

Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.

Jumonji genes are important for development and their mutations can cause abnormalities, especially in the heart and brain.

Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, can slow down hair growth by affecting skin cells and hair follicles.

Scientists made working salivary glands in mice using bioengineered cells, which could help treat dry mouth.

CDP is crucial for lung and hair follicle cell development.

Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.

Sonic hedgehog signaling is crucial for hair growth and maintaining hair follicle identity.

Human dermal fibroblasts are the main cells targeted by a virus that can cause a deadly skin cancer, and a certain inhibitor can effectively block this infection.

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 15 are key markers for monitoring the quality and self-renewing potential of engineered skin.

Macrophages help regrow hair by activating stem cells using AKT/β-catenin and TNF.

Some drugs can cause skin, nail, and hair problems, which are important for healthcare professionals to recognize and report.

Tiny particles from stem cells help activate hair growth cells and encourage hair growth in mice without being toxic.

Lowering testosterone speeds up wound healing in male mice.

Overexpressing Dsg3 in mice skin causes excessive cell growth and abnormal skin development.

New single-cell analysis techniques are improving our understanding of stem cells and could help in treating diseases.

Activating TRPV3 stops human hair growth.

MicroRNA-214 is important for skin and hair growth because it affects the Wnt pathway.

Androgens block hair growth by disrupting cell signals; targeting GSK-3 may help treat hair loss.

A new mutation in the human glucocorticoid receptor reduces its function and causes resistance to glucocorticoids.

The yeast Pityrosporum ovale can cause skin allergies and infections, and antifungal treatments like ketoconazole are effective against it.

Exosomes from dermal papilla cells can help grow hair and might treat hair loss.

Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.

The tumor suppressor gene FLCN affects mitochondrial function and energy use in cells.