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Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles are crucial for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

Doctors linked maternal drinking to infant mortality and national decline, leading to public awareness and changes in law.

Cetaceans lost hair due to changes in the Hr and FGF5 genes.

The black orchid Brasiliorchis schunkeana produces chemicals that attract certain insects and have potential antimicrobial properties.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

Assessing newborn scalp hair can reveal important health information.

Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

The document says menstruation is important for women's health, discusses menstrual disorders, and suggests personalized treatment options.

The document concludes that Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea should be carefully diagnosed and managed to prevent health complications, using lifestyle changes and specific medications.

Zouboulis syndrome is a rare condition that helps diagnose monosomy 18p early.

Individualized assessment and meticulous planning are crucial for successful brow and upper eyelid surgery.

The conclusion is that lifestyle changes and weight loss are first-line treatments for infertility due to anovulation, with various medications and assisted reproductive technologies as additional options.

A complex X chromosome rearrangement can increase the risk of multiple autoimmune diseases.

Polycystic ovarian shape is a genetic sign of PCOS and its hormonal and metabolic features can be inherited.

The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.

Epilepsy and certain epilepsy drugs can lead to reproductive problems in women, but changing medication might improve these issues.

Soy isoflavones can protect lung tissue from radiation damage.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

PCOS is a complex condition with major health impacts, needing more research for better diagnosis and treatment.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women that can cause metabolic, reproductive, and psychological issues, and requires lifestyle changes and medication for management.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

The guidelines suggest lifestyle changes, diet adjustments, and personalized medication to manage dyslipidemia and reduce heart disease risk.

PCOS is caused by both genetics and environmental factors like diet and obesity.

Tributyltin exposure causes sex changes, sterilization, and decline in the snail Ocinebrina aciculata, risking its extinction.

Transplant success has improved with better immunosuppressive drugs and donor matching.

Women with epilepsy should be monitored for reproductive issues, which can be caused by epilepsy or its treatments, especially when using valproate.

Scientists made the first metal-based compounds from a nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug, which showed potential in fighting both hormone-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells.