September 2025 in “Cosmetics” In this study, researchers found that the lipid composition in hair significantly affects water diffusion and may explain differences in dyeing and cosmetic treatment responses between Asian and European hair, with CP2 fibers having more lipids than CP3 fibers.
8 citations
,
July 2012 in “Annals of biomedical engineering” This study found that the uptake of molecules by hair is influenced by both hydrophobic and ionic charge interactions, with binding affinity decreasing as pH approaches the solute's dissociation constant.
69 citations
,
January 2002 in “Journal of biomedical optics” This study found that commercially available dyes penetrate up to 1.2 mm into human skin, with Indocyanine Green binding to cell proteins and showing a shift in absorption peak.
6 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study found that diffusion coefficients of chemicals in artificial sebum are significantly higher than those in stratum corneum lipids, suggesting the hair follicle may significantly contribute to transdermal permeation.
21 citations
,
March 2017 in “Skin research and technology” In this study, extracting internal lipids from Caucasian hair fibers led to decreased water permeability, influenced by the fluidity of lipids.
7 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This study found that African and Caucasian hair contain the most lipids, and depletion of these lipids leads to less water retention and increased water desorption, with Caucasian hair showing improved breaking tenacity after lipid extraction.
32 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study extended a skin diffusion model to include a porous pathway, effectively explaining the permeability of both polar and lipophilic solutes through the stratum corneum.
10 citations
,
June 2019 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Hair removal methods damage the skin barrier and affect substance penetration.
14 citations
,
January 1996 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” This in vitro study found that opiate diffusion was more pronounced in damaged hair fibers than in undamaged ones, with high opiate concentrations detected in fiber centerpieces.
25 citations
,
November 2012 in “Thermochimica Acta” This study found that lipid extraction increased water diffusion in wool and hair fibers; the effect was more pronounced in hair, indicating lipids are crucial for water permeability.
3 citations
,
January 2004 in “Zhōnghuá yàoxué zázhì” In this study, ethosomes were found to significantly enhance the transdermal penetration and skin accumulation of finasteride compared to liposomes and other control solutions.
2 citations
,
November 1987 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that minoxidil was released 50% less from creams than from lotions, with a similar release profile across different lotion formulations, suggesting a specific vehicle composition for topical use.
March 2025 in “Molecules” This study explored the in vitro skin penetration of two compounds from Tectona grandis leaf extract used for standardization and found that compound 1 penetrates more efficiently than compound 2, especially with a propylene glycol enhancer.
October 2022 in “Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences” The researchers reported that caprylic acid effectively enhances the permeability and diffusion of minoxidil through rat skin compared to other penetration enhancers.
1 citations
,
May 2026 in “Environmental Health Engineering and Management” This study found that white poplar wood sawdust effectively removed up to 92.12% of thallium ions from contaminated water in laboratory conditions, demonstrating its potential as a low-cost adsorbent for reducing toxic thallium levels.
March 2025 in “Advanced Materials” This study developed a novel hydrogel dressing, QL@MAB, which facilitates accelerated healing of infected diabetic wounds in rats by offering prolonged drug release, water retention, and adaptive drug delivery in response to high glucose levels in the wound environment.
1 citations
,
October 2020 in “Annales pharmaceutiques françaises” In this study, researchers developed and validated a rapid and robust chromatographic method to assess the concentration of Minoxidil and Finasteride in a new topical formulation for alopecia, demonstrating its ability to distinguish between different types of formulations using in vitro diffusion data.
2 citations
,
October 2022 in “Journal of structural biology” This study found that age-related hair thinning in Caucasian women over 50 involves significant structural changes within the hair follicle, suggesting an "aged hair program" rather than just producing thinner hairs.
2 citations
,
October 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that, despite the unchanged total level of 18-MEA, deletion of the Sox21 gene disrupts its attachment to the hair cuticle, increases cholesterol sulphate levels, and differentially affects ceramide composition.
54 citations
,
January 2009 in “Development” This study concluded that Wnt/β-catenin signaling, through Shh and Bmp pathways, is crucial for determining hair follicle fate in embryonic epidermal development.
This paper introduces the first computational model of male baldness that simulates hair loss using the Hamilton-Norwood classification and has been deemed plausible for clinical use by a dermatologist.
5 citations
,
January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” This study found that minoxidil forms a reservoir in the skin, allowing sustained drug delivery even after cleansing, while propylene glycol does not.
15 citations
,
January 2003 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine” This study found that cold air can effectively preserve the epidermis when using an 810 nm diode laser, but it is slightly less effective than a chilled sapphire window in dark-haired pigmented pigs.
11 citations
,
January 2006 in “Drug development and industrial pharmacy” In this study, adding TPGS to a minoxidil formulation improved local retention and reduced systemic absorption in certain solvent mixes, particularly with a balance of alcohol and PEG 400.
9 citations
,
November 2000 in “Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE” This study demonstrated that dyeing can enhance the absorption coefficient of hair follicle tissues for selective photodestruction within human skin and hair follicles.
5 citations
,
April 2005 in “Journal of applied polymer science” This study demonstrated that urea significantly accelerates the diffusion of poly(ethylene imine) into bleached human hair by increasing the diffusion coefficient twofold.
April 2026 in “Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi” This study found that Mueller-Hinton Agar performed better than Dermasel Agar for antifungal susceptibility testing of feline dermatophytes, providing reliable susceptibility data for effective antifungal therapy.
324 citations
,
July 2020 in “Applied Water Science” This study found high levels of toxic heavy metals in water sources of mining communities in Abakaliki, Nigeria, posing potential health risks including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
33 citations
,
November 2019 in “Journal of Controlled Release” In this study, researchers developed a new self-administered finasteride delivery system using powder-carrying microneedles that improved hair growth efficacy and addressed safety concerns compared to topical finasteride gel by allowing sustained intradermal release of the drug for three days with a single application.
10 citations
,
November 1984 in “Journal of Colloid and Interface Science” The study found that the Marangoni effect causes the uneven wetting of surfactant-coated hair due to the surfactant moving into the water.