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This study found that topical minoxidil solutions showed the highest skin permeation at 3-4% concentrations, with crystallization occurring at a 5% concentration due to vehicle component evaporation.

This review explores current strategies to enhance extracellular vesicle-based delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems, addressing efficiency challenges and suggesting future directions to bridge gene editing technologies with clinical applications.

This review discusses various nanocarriers for gene and genome editing therapies, highlighting that ionizable lipid nanoparticles show advanced delivery performance, while emerging polymer-based and exosome-inspired carriers are rapidly advancing for targeted applications.

This article explains the preparation methods and applications for various vesicle and particle systems used in transdermal drug delivery, highlighting their effectiveness and potential for further development in this field.

This study evaluated green tea extract-loaded spanlastic formulations and found that a vesicle builder to edge activator ratio of 8:2 produced optimal characteristics, including a particle size of 419.70 nm, an entrapment efficiency of 60.85%, and a drug loading of 11.07%.

This study found that a dutasteride-loaded liposomal system significantly increased skin permeability and drug deposition in mouse skin compared to other formulations, suggesting improved localized treatment potential for androgenetic alopecia.

This review highlights novel drug delivery systems for alopecia that enhance localization in the pilosebaceous unit, reduce systemic exposure, and support sustained drug release, with a focus on optimized follicular carriers ranging from 100-300 nm for improved drug residence compared to conventional methods.

This paper discusses ethosomal drug delivery systems, highlighting their improved ability to enhance skin penetration and increase therapeutic effectiveness in treatments like acyclovir for herpes labialis and minoxidil for androgenic alopecia compared to standard formulations.

This study found that nobiletin-loaded vesicles effectively restored skin condition in a mouse model of skin cancer, suggesting they are a promising treatment delivery system.

This study reports that ethosomal formulations, such as ethosomal acyclovir and minoxidil, improved therapeutic effectiveness by enhancing skin permeation, leading to faster healing of herpes labialis lesions and increased skin absorption compared to standard formulations.

This article reviews CRISPR/Cas system delivery methods for genome editing and highlights RNA's promise in non-viral in vivo applications but reports no new clinical results.

This review suggests that telocytes in male reproductive organs help organize tissue structure and paracrine factors, impacting organ development and pathology, but more research is needed on their molecular pathways.

This study discusses ethosomes, which are lipid-based vesicular carriers that improve drug penetration into the skin due to their high ethanol content, highlighting their benefits in drug delivery despite stability issues like phospholipid oxidation and vesicle fusion during storage.

The researchers reported that in Arabidopsis collet hairs, nuclear positioning near the cell tip is not essential for hair growth, although it correlates with growth dynamics.

This thesis explored how stratum corneum barrier disruption and pH-sensitive nanoparticles influence drug penetration and release in skin models, highlighting potential applications for treating atopic dermatitis.

This review highlights the potential of ellagic acid for treating various skin conditions due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and depigmenting properties, but notes that novel formulations are needed to overcome its poor solubility and skin permeability to enhance clinical efficacy.

The book provides updated methods for skin research and treatment.

This study found that a biocomposite microneedle system, which includes selenium nanozyme and hypoxic extracellular vesicles, enhanced hair density and follicle diameter in androgenetic alopecia mice by fighting inflammation, promoting blood vessel growth, reducing reactive oxygen species, and counteracting androgen effects.

This review discusses ethanol-based transethosome vesicles for drug delivery through the skin, but reports no new clinical results.

This review explores how combining extracellular vesicles with hydrogels and utilizing 3D bioprinting technologies creates innovative composite systems for wound healing, offering advanced mechanical and biological support, while addressing challenges like degradation and regulatory issues in clinical applications.

This review discusses the role of extracellular vesicles in psoriasis pathogenesis and their potential as therapeutic agents or drug delivery systems, but it reports no new clinical findings.

In this study, researchers developed a new SFL-3D system to produce extracellular vesicles from rejuvenated dermal papilla cell spheroids, which demonstrated significant antifibrotic effects in reducing hypertrophic scarring, highlighting their potential for precision-targeted scar management.

This study highlights that niosomes, or non-ionic surfactant based vesicles, offer an advantageous drug delivery system due to their stability, cost-effectiveness, and ability to enhance drug bioavailability and targeting efficiency for various therapeutic agents.

This study found that using spanlastics, a nano, surfactant-based drug delivery system, improved the bioavailability, drug release characteristics, and pharmacokinetic behavior of famotidine, a poorly soluble drug, by enhancing its dissolution and membrane permeation.

This study demonstrates that transfected epidermal stem cells using a novel 3D transfection system significantly enhanced wound healing and may serve as an effective therapeutic agent and gene delivery method for wound treatment.

This review highlights the potential of drug-loaded extracellular vesicles as a promising drug delivery platform but notes that clinical translation faces challenges due to variability in methods and the need for standardization and safety evaluation.

This study developed and tested Bicalutamide-loaded lipid vesicles in dissolving microarray patches for topical application, finding that they effectively deliver Bicalutamide through murine skin while maintaining a favorable safety profile, suggesting potential to improve treatments for androgenetic alopecia.

This article discusses the potential of extracellular vesicles for developing precise psychiatric therapies and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, researchers developed a niosomal gel system for transdermal delivery of testosterone, reporting strong penetrative capability, good spreadability, and a promising in vitro drug release profile, suggesting it may be an effective alternative for reducing the side effects of steroid treatments.

This review discusses how nanospanlastics, a type of ultra deformable vesicular nanocarrier, could enhance glaucoma management by improving the delivery and effectiveness of intraocular pressure-lowering agents, tackling adherence challenges, and advancing targeted therapies, according to the authors.