October 2024 in “International Journal of Comprehensive Veterinary Research.” In this study, researchers examined the skin of neonatal rabbits and found that most hair follicles were in the terminal stage, with hair shafts protruding through the epidermis, but noted the absence of sweat glands.
August 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology” This case report describes a unique instance of an otherwise healthy infant with phylloid terminal hair nevus, a form of hypomelanosis without extracutaneous abnormalities.
34 citations
,
December 1988 in “Pigment Cell Research” This article explores the use of monoclonal antibodies to study the presence and distribution patterns of melanocytes in developing human skin, but reports no new clinical results.
1 citations
,
April 2008 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” This study suggests that Foxn1 expression in keratinocytes influences pigmentation in mice, highlighting differences in the molecular mechanisms between mouse and human pigmentation processes.
1 citations
,
January 2012 in “International journal of trichology” This study found that keratinocytes derived from the germinative epithelium of ovine hair follicles have extensive in vitro growth potential, challenging the idea that these cells are solely transit-amplifying.
7 citations
,
September 2017 in “Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine” This study found that lanugo hair appears earlier on the posterior wall of the trunk than on the anterior wall in human fetuses, with a nearly two-week difference in development time.
This review synthesizes current knowledge on choriogenesis, the final stage of oogenesis in insects, by exploring the role of follicle cells, regulatory mechanisms of gene expression, and the biochemical makeup of the eggshell, while also highlighting structural diversity and adaptations across insect species.
20 citations
,
September 2004 in “Journal of Anatomy” This study suggests that the structure and function of the inner root sheath in mammalian hair may have evolved from simpler forms seen in monotremes, aiding in hair exit without damaging the epidermis.
11 citations
,
March 2020 in “Immunology” This study reports that immunologically inert and skewed immune cell populations in developing human skin may contribute to wound healing and structural changes during skin development.
73 citations
,
January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
2 citations
,
May 1979 in “PubMed” This report describes four cases of monilethrix in children and concludes that periodic inhibition of keratin synthesis, not a metabolic defect, may explain the hair abnormality.
September 2023 in “Cutis” This study presents a case of a 6-month-old infant girl with hypotrichosis and an alopecic plaque in the occipital region, characterized by broken and dystrophic hairs with follicular papules and perifollicular hyperkeratosis, suggesting a diagnostic consideration.
34 citations
,
December 1984 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” This study observed that the thinning and structural abnormalities in monilethrix-affected hair occur at the internodes due to possible periodic dysfunction of the hair matrix, particularly in the cortex.
41 citations
,
October 2001 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review discusses the molecular and functional aspects of the nude gene in skin biology, providing insights into its role and evolutionary development, but reports no new results.
June 2026 in “Case Reports in Dermatology” This case study reported that in a 67-year-old woman with Netherton syndrome, treatment with dupilumab improved skin inflammation and pruritus and was associated with significant improvements in hair growth and structure, including the resolution of "bamboo" hair.
January 2022 in “Indian dermatology online journal” This case report describes a preterm newborn with lamellar ichthyosis, detailing management with acitretin, vitamin D, and emollients, and emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring due to potential adverse effects of long-term retinoid therapy.
June 2026 in “Communications Biology” In this study, researchers found that the cornification process in the nuptial pads of Xenopus frogs involves the expression of the type II hair keratin homolog, krt59, and is regulated by the transcription factor hoxc13, showing similarities to mammalian hair evolution.
8 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” This study explored the structure and keratin composition of marsupial hairs, finding similarities in keratin localization to hairs in placental mammals, and highlighting potential roles of trichohyalin and transglutaminase during hair development and shedding.
7 citations
,
December 2011 in “Annals of anatomy” This study found that involucrin likely plays a key role in forming the cornified material of the medulla and inner root sheath of human hair, contributing to its mechanical strength.
24 citations
,
July 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” June 2026 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” In this case report, a 20-year-old man with a birthmark was identified as having a supernumerary nipple, a developmental anomaly, using dermoscopy to distinguish it from other pigmented skin lesions such as melanocytic nevus or basal cell carcinoma.
4 citations
,
January 2014 in “Indian dermatology online journal” This article discusses the genetic hair disorder monilethrix, characterized by beaded, fragile hair due to defective keratin genes, and reports no effective treatment currently available; variability in severity was noted among affected siblings.
23 citations
,
January 2018 in “PLoS ONE” In this study, researchers found that changes in Wnt signaling pathways play a crucial role in feather follicle morphogenesis during chicken embryo development.
82 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
9 citations
,
April 1985 in “Archives of Dermatology” This case report describes a 7-year-old boy with Netherton's syndrome, highlighting the identification of the tricorrhexis invaginata hair defect using a photographically illustrated scalp biopsy, which had not been visually documented before.
44 citations
,
May 2008 in “Acta Zoologica” This study explains how the development of keratin-associated proteins in embryonic epidermis is crucial for forming protective barriers in vertebrates, enabling them to adapt to terrestrial environments.
19 citations
,
November 1985 in “Archives of Dermatology” This case study documented a black male newborn developing large bullae that healed with hypopigmentation, suspecting proteolytic enzymes in keratinocytes caused the collagenolysis responsible for the condition.
11 citations
,
June 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study explored the carbohydrate composition of plasma cell membranes in human embryonic epidermis over various gestational ages and found specific patterns that may inform future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for dermatoses.
1 citations
,
January 2017 in “International Journal of Trichology” This case report describes a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with monilethrix, experiencing hair fragility and loss after a fever, and showing improvement in hair density following treatment, despite persistent symptoms.