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Chitosan, a natural substance, can be used to create tiny particles that effectively deliver various types of drugs, but more work is needed to improve stability and control of drug release.

PCOS management includes lifestyle changes and medications, with ongoing research into repurposed drugs for better treatment options.

Microneedle technology has advanced for painless drug delivery and sensitive detection but faces a gap between experimental use and clinical needs.

Melanoma's complexity requires personalized treatments due to key genetic mutations and tumor-initiating cells.

Both metformin and pioglitazone improve PCOS symptoms, but pioglitazone is a good alternative for those who can't take metformin.

Tamarix aphylla may be effective for various medical conditions, but more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.

PCOS in teen girls should be managed with lifestyle changes and sometimes medication to improve symptoms and health.

Microbial biosurfactants could be a safer and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical surfactants in cosmetics.

Micro-needling with low-level light therapy effectively increases hair growth in people with mild to moderate hair loss.

Local healers in Addis Ababa use 81 medicinal plants, mainly from the Asteraceae family, to treat skin and general diseases, with Echinops kebericho being an endangered plant important in their practices.

TRPV4 helps cells repair tissue and reduce scarring by controlling calcium levels.

The document concludes that more research is needed to reduce frequent hospital visits, addiction medicine education improves with specific training, early breast cancer surgery findings are emerging, nipple smears are not very accurate, surgery for older melanoma patients doesn't extend life, a genetic condition in infants can often be treated with one drug, doctors are inconsistent with blood clot medication, a certain gene may protect against cell damage, muscle gene overexpression affects many other genes, and some mitochondrial genes are less active in mice with tumors.

Cirrhosis affects quality of life with various symptoms, requiring a holistic, multidisciplinary approach for management.

Hydrogel composites have great potential in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery.

Umbilical cord blood is a valuable source of stem cells for medical treatments, but its use is less common than other transplants, and there are ethical issues to consider.

Thermal spring waters and their microbes could be good for skin health and treating some skin conditions in skincare products.

Hirsutism in women is often due to hormone sensitivity and has significant psychological effects.

Doctors have known about fungal skin infections for a long time, but only made major progress in understanding and treating them since the mid-1800s.

Nanoemulgel improves delivery and effectiveness of plant-based drugs for various conditions.

Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.

Topical contact sensitizers can treat certain skin conditions but are rarely used in the U.K.

Microemulsions could improve how drugs are delivered and absorbed in the body.

Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.

The document suggests that targeting the hormone DHT could be a more effective treatment for prostate cancer than targeting testosterone.

Chlormadinone acetate is a strong, well-tolerated hormone used in birth control and hormone therapy with benefits for menstrual pain and skin conditions.

GnRH analogues are effective for diagnosing and treating female androgen excess, offering a non-surgical option.

Probiotics show promise for health benefits but need more research to understand how they work.

Imiquimod may be a better non-surgical treatment for cervical pre-cancer, but its effectiveness for vaginal pre-cancer is unclear, and it has some side effects.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.