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Blood vessels and specific genes help turn cartilage into bone when bones heal.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.

Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.

Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.

Aging causes skin stem cells to work less effectively.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

Sonic hedgehog signaling is crucial for hair growth and maintaining hair follicle identity.

Different types of stem cells and their environments are key to skin repair and maintenance.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Damage to skin releases dsRNA, which activates TLR3 and helps in skin and hair follicle regeneration.

Cepharanthine is a well-tolerated drug with multiple medical uses, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

Stem cell plasticity is crucial for wound healing but can also contribute to cancer development.

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

MIM is crucial for hair follicle formation and regeneration by controlling cilia formation and hedgehog signaling through its interaction with Cortactin and Src.

Tiny particles from stem cells help activate hair growth cells and encourage hair growth in mice without being toxic.

Lignans and neolignans from plants may help protect against various health issues, including cancer and heart disease.

Hair, teeth, and mammary glands develop similarly at first but use different genes later.

Minoxidil is the only FDA-approved topical drug for treating male or female pattern hair loss, and other medications like finasteride and dutasteride can also increase hair growth.

Overexpressing Dsg3 in mice skin causes excessive cell growth and abnormal skin development.

The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.

Newborn mouse skin cells can grow hair and this process can be recreated in adult cells to potentially help with hair loss.

Using human fat tissue derived stem cells in micrografts can safely and effectively increase hair density in people with hair loss.

BMP2 and BMP7 have opposite roles in feather formation.

Minoxidil and finasteride effectively treat hair loss.

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

The article concludes that better understanding gene regulation related to seasonal changes can offer insights into the mechanisms of seasonal timing in mammals.

Feather growth and regeneration involve complex patterns, stem cells, and evolutionary insights.