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Melanocytes are important for skin and hair color and protect the skin from UV damage.

UV radiation may cause DNA changes in skin, certain UVB therapy helps psoriasis, a new gene mutation is linked to mild piebaldism, different immune cells affect psoriasis, a drug promotes hair growth, and some cancer drugs could treat skin barrier issues.

The enzyme 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase is essential for healthy skin and recovery after skin damage.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Stem cells help repair tissue mainly by releasing beneficial substances, not by replacing damaged cells.

Lupus can affect the scalp and nails, often causing hair loss and nail damage, and needs early aggressive treatment to prevent permanent damage.

Autoimmune diseases can cause hair loss, and early treatment is important to prevent permanent damage.

Environmental stressors like UV radiation, pollution, and extreme temperatures can damage skin and lead to diseases and aging.

Nanoparticles can enter the skin, potentially causing toxicity, especially in damaged skin.

Various skin conditions like cutaneous lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and basal cell carcinoma can be effectively treated with antihypertensive agents, NB-UVB phototherapy, and imiquimod cream respectively. Vaccines are effective against genital herpes and HPV-16 infection. Early intervention is crucial for conditions like diabetic foot ulcers and neonatal herpes. Certain dyes can cause hand dermatitis, and there's a link between smoking/drinking and psoriasis in men. No direct link was found between low iron levels and chronic hair loss in women.

Certain drugs can cause lupus, stopping these drugs is the main treatment. NB-UVB phototherapy clears psoriasis faster when applied three times a week. Monoclonal antibodies and oral pimecrolimus are effective in treating psoriasis. Smoking and drinking are linked to psoriasis in men. No direct link between low iron and hair loss was found. Vaccines are effective against genital herpes and human papillomavirus type 16.

Skin problems are common in Bangladesh due to arsenic, prompt treatment of diabetic foot ulcers is crucial, maternal transmission causes most neonatal herpes, treatments for pediatric vasculitis are effective, the chickenpox vaccine works, more frequent UVB therapy helps psoriasis, certain jobs increase hand dermatitis risk, monoclonal antibodies treat psoriasis well, lifestyle affects psoriasis, alefacept improves psoriasis, imiquimod cream partially clears basal cell carcinoma, and iron may not help chronic hair loss.

Hair care products reduced hair roughness, a combination of Stemoxydine and Resveratrol increased hair density, fermented mackerel oil promoted hair growth, and genes TERT and Bmi-1 helped create new hair follicles.

Certain products and treatments can improve hair health and growth.

Laser and light therapies, especially the 308 nm excimer laser, are effective and safe for treating alopecia areata, but more research is needed.

Conditioned media from human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells helps skin heal and protects against aging from sun exposure.

Some alternative therapies for vitiligo show promise but need more research.

Transplant patients often get skin problems, with treatments varying by condition.

Finasteride is effective for male hair loss, teledermatology is accurate and accepted, and cyclosporin helps treat toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Melatonin is important for skin health and protection, and can be made by the skin or applied to it.

Vitamin D is important for skin health and may affect conditions like psoriasis and hair loss, but more research is needed to understand its role fully.

Protoporphyrin IX is useful in cancer treatment but can cause health problems if not properly regulated.

Oxidative stress contributes to hair graying and loss as we age.

Fullerenes show potential in skin care but need more safety research.

Chemotherapy damages hair follicles, causing hair loss and other cellular changes.

Alpha-hydroxy acids, like glycolic acid, safely improve skin issues and work on all skin types.

Antioxidants can benefit skin health but should be used carefully to avoid negative effects.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

Hair greying is caused by oxidative stress damaging hair follicles and melanocytes.

Coffee silverskin may be a beneficial and safe ingredient for cosmetics, offering hydration, firmness, and potential hair growth benefits.