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A thorough history and examination are crucial for diagnosing skin diseases, which affect up to a third of people. This includes details about skin lesions, medication, general health, lifestyle, family, and contacts, as well as examining the rash, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. Changes in hair and nails can also indicate other medical and skin disorders.

Cromolyn sodium's effectiveness for treating asthma in children under 2 is unclear, possibly more beneficial for older children, and further research is needed.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

Manage vitiligo with treatments, address emotions, and use camouflage techniques.

The guidelines suggest a detailed approach to diagnosing and treating lupus, with a focus on regular check-ups, personalized medicine, and a range of drug options for different cases.

Sebocytes play a key role in controlling androgen levels in human skin.

Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.

Essential oils in cosmetics can offer benefits but may cause allergies and should be used carefully.

Blocking COX, especially COX-2, in the skin can reduce inflammation and pain and may help prevent skin cancer.

The document concludes that more research is needed to better understand and treat primary cicatricial alopecias, and suggests a possible reclassification based on molecular pathways.

Patients with certain skin symptoms and high ANA titers should be monitored for potential systemic lupus.

Lupus affects the body and skin, causing joint pain and skin issues that can be treated with steroids and antimalarial drugs.

Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.

Liposomes improve drug delivery and reduce skin irritation in dermatology.

Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.

Different types of stem cells and their environments are key to skin repair and maintenance.

Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.

Stress can stop hair growth in mice, and treatments can reverse this effect.

Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair regrowth, while treatments for alopecia areata have varying success and continuous treatment is necessary.

Scientists turned rat thymus cells into stem cells that can help repair skin and hair.

Smoking harms the skin, causing early aging and increasing cancer risk, but stopping smoking can improve skin health.

Liposomes could improve how skin care products work but are costly and not very stable.

COVID-19 can cause skin issues like rashes and "COVID toes," and people with skin conditions should adjust their treatments if they get the virus.

Androgens can both stimulate and cause hair loss, and understanding their effects is key to treating hair disorders.

Dutasteride 0.5 mg works better than finasteride and placebo for increasing hair in men with hair loss.

Peripilar signs can help diagnose androgenetic alopecia and reveal its cause.

Lichen planopilaris is a chronic, scarring hair loss condition with no definitive cure, requiring accurate diagnosis and treatment to manage symptoms.

The document concludes that various clinical methods are used to assess ageing skin and the effectiveness of anti-ageing products.

Dandruff is mainly caused by a scalp reaction to yeast, can worsen hair loss, and antifungal treatments may help.

Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.