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Minoxidil improves blood flow and vessel flexibility, potentially helping with vascular stiffness.

Combining low-level light therapy and minoxidil 5% is more effective for female hair loss than using either treatment alone.

Fractional resurfacing is safe and effective for certain skin conditions in Asian patients, but care must be taken to avoid skin pigmentation issues.

Finasteride reduces hair growth and is safe for women with excessive hair.

Lipedematous scalp is mainly caused by an increase in fat tissue under the skin and is different from lipedematous alopecia.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Vegetarian Indian women with PCOS have higher inflammation levels than non-vegetarians.

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing health risks in teens with PCOS.

AR gene not major factor in female hair loss; different from male hair loss.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Lifestyle changes are the first step in treating infertility in PCOS, followed by medications like clomiphene and metformin, and then surgery if needed.

Unwanted facial hair significantly impacts over 40% of women's psychological and social well-being, and various treatment options are available.

Metformin helps regulate menstrual cycles, induce ovulation, and improve pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS.

The document concludes that more research is needed to fully understand the causes of PCOS.

Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.

Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.

Nanocarriers could improve how drugs are delivered through the skin but require more research to overcome challenges and ensure safety.

New treatments for PCOS focus on managing symptoms and improving fertility.

Hirsutism is common body hair growth due to genetics and hormones, and while not a disease, it can be distressing; virilisation includes hirsutism with other male traits and needs medical attention.

Metformin effectively improves metabolic symptoms in women with PCOS, while alfacalcidiol does not have a significant impact.

Invasomes effectively deliver drugs through the skin and have potential for improved treatments.

Women with epilepsy on certain medications might gain weight and have higher thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, but not more polycystic ovarian syndrome.

A woman had severe reactions to methotrexate, including skin issues and organ problems, but improved after 38 days in the hospital.

The document concludes that diagnosing PCOS requires a thorough approach, considering various symptoms and risks, and calls for improved methods to identify PCOS types and prevent diabetes.

A woman's excessive hair growth and masculine features were due to a rare benign ovarian tumor and endometrial cancer, which improved after surgery.

Women with excessive hair growth often have hormonal issues and need medical advice and treatment.

Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.

A 70-year-old woman with a malignant adrenal tumor improved after surgery and radiotherapy.

Venous catheterization may help diagnose the cause of female hyperandrogenism when imaging is unclear.

Removing both ovaries can treat increased testosterone and related symptoms in postmenopausal women with ovarian hyperthecosis.