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Effective PCOS treatments require targeting specific signaling pathways.

Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.

Scientists have developed a new method to detect steroid abuse in athletes using cell-based tests, which could be the future of anti-doping methods.

The drug enzalutamide may reduce the ability of the virus causing COVID-19 to enter lung cells.

Dutasteride may help reduce brain plaque linked to Alzheimer's by affecting cell energy structures and waste removal.

Finasteride affects UGT1A4 enzyme, but not enough to cause issues when combined with other drugs.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

Hormone therapies like birth control pills and spironolactone are safe and effective for treating women's adult acne.

Menopause can cause skin issues, and seeing a dermatologist helps.

Alopecia areata causes hair loss, has no cure, and various treatments exist.

Some drugs have gained approval for new uses, while others like tricyclic antidepressants and aspirin show promise but aren't yet approved for these uses.

Hormonal treatments are effective as a second-line option for moderate-to-severe acne in females, but should be used with caution due to health risks.

New treatments targeting specific genes show promise for treating keratin disorders.

Cysteine helps maintain keratin production in skin cells even when iron is low.

Trichoscopy shows hair diameter variability, vellus hairs, and the peripilar sign are key indicators for diagnosing Androgenetic Alopecia.

The best long-lasting results in treating hair loss may be achieved through combination therapy, including treatments like finasteride, minoxidil, and platelet-rich plasma injections.

New treatments like nanotechnology show promise in improving skin cancer therapy.

The main enzyme found in pubic skin that could be targeted to treat excessive hair growth is 5 alpha-R2.

Avicennia Marina extract and avicequinone C can reduce hair loss hormone production and increase hair growth factors, suggesting they could be used to treat androgenic alopecia.

Pumpkin seed products may help improve prostate and bladder health by blocking certain enzymes and hormone receptors.

Tamsulosin increases the risk of floppy iris during eye surgery.

Flavonoids in Iraqi marshland plants have potential health benefits like antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

New androgen receptor modulators show promise for treating diseases like prostate cancer and muscle wasting.

The document concludes that insulin resistance is key in PCOS development and early treatment is crucial to prevent complications.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

Women with PCOS have a higher risk of diabetes, heart problems, certain cancers, and mental health issues, but early treatment can help manage these risks.

Afatinib, neratinib, and zanubrutinib could be effective against KRASG12C-mutant tumors.

The Rotterdam Study investigates diseases in older adults and has produced many research findings.

Sex hormones, especially estradiol, can change chicken feather shapes and colors.

Various treatments help hair growth, but more research needed for safety and effectiveness.