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The secretome from mesenchymal stem cells is a promising treatment that may repair tissue and avoid side effects of stem cell transplantation.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Understanding where cancer cells come from helps create better prevention and treatment methods.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Menopause can lead to skin and hair problems due to hormonal changes, but hormone replacement therapy might help slow these effects.

New effective scar treatments are urgently needed due to the current options' limited success.

Male hormones, particularly DHT, are linked to male pattern hair loss, and treatments like finasteride can help, but they don't work for postmenopausal women's hair loss, which may have different causes.

Methotrexate treats various disorders by inhibiting DNA synthesis, but careful monitoring is needed to avoid toxicity and manage side effects.

Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.

Aging causes skin stem cells to work less effectively.

Different types of stem cells with unique roles exist in blood, skin, and intestines, and this variety is important for tissue repair.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

Finasteride effectively blocks enzyme causing male pattern baldness.

Fat-derived stem cells show promise for skin repair and reducing aging signs but need more research for consistent results.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment are important for skin problems in women with PCOS.

Mammals might fail to regenerate not because they lack the right cells, but because of how cells respond to their surroundings, and changing this environment could enhance regeneration.

NF-κB is crucial for zebrafish heart repair, affecting heart cell growth and repair processes.

Treatments for melanin disorders exist, but more effective options needed.

Drosha and Dicer are essential for hair follicle health and preventing DNA damage in skin cells.

The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.

After menopause, women lose a lot of skin collagen, but estrogen replacement might improve skin health.

The circadian clock influences the behavior and regeneration of stem cells in the body.

Beta-sitosterol has potential health benefits but needs more research to fully understand its effects and improve its use in treatments.

Hair grays due to oxidative stress and fewer functioning melanocytes.

LGR5 helps maintain corneal cell characteristics and prevents unwanted changes by controlling specific cell signaling pathways.

Dutasteride and finasteride do not significantly affect bone density, blood fats, or blood production, but slightly lower PSA levels and minimally impact sexual function in healthy young men.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss; more research needed for other options.