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GlossaryMethotrexate (Trexall)

inhibits cell growth by blocking folic acid metabolism

Methotrexate (MTX) is a medication commonly used to treat certain types of cancer, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, and severe psoriasis. It works by inhibiting the metabolism of folic acid, which is necessary for the rapid growth of cells, thereby slowing down the proliferation of cancer cells and modulating the immune system.

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$Characteristics and Alternative Treatment Outcomes of Antimalarial-Refractory Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus$

research Characteristics and Alternative Treatment Outcomes of Antimalarial-Refractory Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus

16 citations, June 2017 in “JAMA Dermatology”

Thalidomide works best for skin lupus not helped by antimalarials, but has many side effects; other treatments are less effective, especially if patients also have systemic lupus.

research Lupus Erythematosus: Considerations About Clinical, Cutaneous, and Therapeutic Aspects

15 citations, January 2014 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia”

Lupus treatment requires a combination of drugs and therapies, with research needed for new options.

Utility of Azathioprine, Methotrexate, and Cyclosporine as Steroid-Sparing Agents in Chronic Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study of Continuation Rates in 138 Patients

research Utility of Azathioprine, Methotrexate, and Cyclosporine as Steroid-Sparing Agents in Chronic Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study of Continuation Rates in 138 Patients

12 citations, August 2020 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Azathioprine is the most continued treatment for chronic alopecia areata over a year, often with added low-dose prednisolone.

research PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Associated Signaling Pathways as Molecular Drivers of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Update on Therapeutic Strategy Using Natural and Synthetic Compounds

9 citations, June 2023 in “Cells”

Certain natural and synthetic compounds may help treat inflammatory skin diseases by targeting a specific signaling pathway.

research Shedding Light on Therapeutics in Alopecia and Their Relevance to COVID-19

7 citations, December 2020 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

Some alopecia treatments might help treat COVID-19, but more research is needed.

research Safety of Common Medications for Treating Dermatology Disorders in Pregnant Women

7 citations, September 2013 in “Current Dermatology Reports”

Some skin medications are safe for pregnant women, but others pose risks or should not be used.

Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Three Immune-Mediated Conditions in One Patient: Ulcerative Colitis, Pyoderma Gangrenosum, and Alopecia Areata

research Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Three Immune-Mediated Conditions in One Patient: Ulcerative Colitis, Pyoderma Gangrenosum, and Alopecia Areata

5 citations, January 2021 in “Inflammatory Bowel Diseases”

Tofacitinib improved ulcerative colitis, skin ulcers, and hair loss in a patient who didn't respond well to other treatments.

research European Expert Consensus Statement on the Systemic Treatment of Alopecia Areata

4 citations, January 2024 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Baricitinib and ritlecitinib are recommended for severe alopecia areata, with other treatments available off-label.

research Diffuse Hair Loss in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

August 2023 in “JAAD Case Reports”

A woman with lupus experienced hair regrowth after treatment, but hair transplantation is not advised for her condition.

research Treatment Modalities for Lymphocytic and Neutrophilic Scarring Alopecia

August 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Early treatment is key for permanent hair loss disorders, with options ranging from medications and phototherapy to immunomodulators and antibiotics, depending on severity and type.

research Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gouty Arthritis in an Adult Patient with Down's Syndrome

January 2020

A 44-year-old woman with Down's syndrome was diagnosed with both rheumatoid and gouty arthritis and treated with multiple medications.

research Updates in Therapeutics for Pediatric Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review with Evidence-Based Analysis

April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

High potency topical steroids are the most effective treatment for pediatric alopecia areata.

research Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 4 – Case Report

January 2019 in “Przegląd Dermatologiczny”

Patients with one autoimmune disease should be checked for other autoimmune disorders.

research What's New in Pediatric Dermatology?

December 2017 in “Annales de dermatologie et de vénéréologie”

In 2017, pediatric dermatology advanced with new treatments and insights into various skin conditions in children.

research Contents

November 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

The issue concluded that various skin conditions have different effective treatments and factors influencing them.

research Applications and Implications of Heparin and Protamine in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

15 citations, January 2014 in “BioMed Research International”

Heparin and protamine are promising in tissue repair and organ regeneration, including skin and hair.