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This study found that FRβ knockout mice exhibited autoimmune symptoms and slower tumor growth compared to wild type mice, suggesting that the FRβ receptor may play a role in regulating immune responses in tumors and autoimmune conditions.

In this study, increased Treg cell activity indicated by IL-10 and IL-15 was identified as a feature of ADTA, distinguishing it from AA and potentially explaining ADTA's more favorable prognosis.

This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.

In this study, conditional deletion of BRD4 in OX40-expressing cells of mice led to alopecia, dermatitis, and loss of hair follicle stem cell function, revealing BRD4's role in skin inflammation and stem cell regulation.

In this study, researchers identified unique prenatal lymphocyte features in human fetal skin, including proliferative naive T cells and memory-like T cells, which may influence antigen and allergen responses in utero and infancy.

This review discusses new insights into the pathogenesis of alopecia areata related to perifollicular immune and endocrine factors and potential new treatments, but it reports no clinical results.

In this review, researchers conclude that immune imbalance between regulatory and cytotoxic T cells, along with activation of IFN-γ–MHC and IL-15–NK pathways, disrupts hair follicle immune privilege, suggesting pivotal mechanisms in alopecia areata development and potential targets for immunotherapeutic interventions.

Brepocitinib improves cicatricial alopecia and reduces key immune markers.

This review highlights that alopecia areata is characterized by three immune endotypes, and while JAK inhibitors offer temporary control, upcoming multi-omics diagnostics and immune reprogramming strategies may achieve longer-lasting remission, according to this analysis.

This review describes various T-cell-mediated alopecias characterized by distinct lymphocytic patterns and explores their pathophysiology. It highlights the role of CD8+ and regulatory T cells, the JAK/STAT pathway, and stem cell niches, contributing to understanding and potentially addressing these hair loss conditions.

In this study, researchers developed a programmable system using engineered nanovesicles from hair follicle stem cells to modulate immune responses, which showed promise in precisely controlling inflammation, promoting immune balance, and accelerating wound healing, particularly for infected wounds.

This study found that CD80 expression in wound-activated hair follicle stem cells induces Foxp3 expression in effector T cells, facilitating wound repair by converting them into regulatory T cells.

In this study, researchers developed a GelMA-based gradient pH hydrogel that effectively reduced bacterial load and promoted fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation, macrophage polarization, neovascularization, and hair follicle regeneration, offering a promising treatment for bacterially infected skin wounds.

This study found that atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis increase the risk of developing alopecia areata, suggesting a significant role for T cell-related inflammation in the condition's mechanism.

Sex and race affect immune responses and treatment outcomes in Hidradenitis suppurativa.

This study found that combining platelet-rich plasma with topical minoxidil led to the greatest increase in terminal hair density at 32 weeks, while low-dose oral minoxidil was more effective at reducing vellus hair density in men with androgenetic alopecia.

The study found that combining platelet-rich plasma with topical minoxidil significantly improved terminal hair density in androgenetic alopecia patients, while low-dose oral minoxidil was more effective at reducing vellus hair density.

The authors concluded that increasing regulatory T cells in patients with alopecia areata may improve hair follicle regeneration by reducing autoimmune responses, suggesting a potential new therapeutic approach since current treatments are often ineffective with high relapse rates.

Gut microbiota influences the development of alopecia areata.

This study concluded that the CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling pathway significantly contributes to hair loss in androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata by promoting inflammation and fibrosis, whereas inhibiting this pathway can restore hair growth and follicle health.

This review discusses the multifaceted roles of regulatory T cells in cutaneous wound healing and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting these cells to enhance wound repair in chronic and diabetic wounds, but reports no new clinical results.

In a murine model of alopecia areata, this study observed that the IL-2 fusion protein HCW9302 helped prevent disease development by expanding regulatory T cells and reducing disease-causing effector T cell infiltrates, suggesting potential for using IL-2 fusion proteins in alopecia areata treatment.

This study found that regulatory T cells accumulate in hair follicle epithelium via the Cxcr4-Cxcl12 axis, partially influenced by glucocorticoid receptor signaling, promoting hair regeneration; similar mechanisms were observed in human and murine skin.

Expanding regulatory T cells may help treat alopecia areata by reducing harmful immune cells.

This review article examines recent studies on the role of diverse immune cells in forming an active niche for hair follicles, offering new insights into hair growth and related diseases.

This review explores the current and experimental therapies for chronic wounds, emphasizing the potential of cellular and immunotherapies in addressing these persistent conditions, but notes a shortage of comprehensive studies on their effectiveness.

Increased Treg cells and IL-10 may help quick recovery in acute diffuse and total alopecia.

This study identified shared gene expression changes and immune cell infiltration patterns that may contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata and cutaneous lupus erythematosus, but also highlighted factors that might preserve hair in psoriasis patients.

This review outlines the proposed theories behind the development of alopecia areata, emphasizing the autoimmune process involving lost immune privilege in hair follicles, and stresses the need to pinpoint specific pathogenic mechanisms for potential treatments.

In this study, Caplan et al. found that treatment with human Tregs expanded from umbilical cord blood may modulate immune responses and improve outcomes in a rodent model of traumatic brain injury.