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The study demonstrated that the transcription regulators YAP and TAZ were essential for maintaining skin homeostasis by promoting the proliferation of basal layer stem/progenitor cells. In both mouse and human skin, YAP and TAZ localized in the nucleus of basal layer cells, regulated by integrin-Src signaling. Deletion of YAP and TAZ in mice resulted in slowed cell proliferation, hair loss, and impaired wound healing, underscoring their role in skin regeneration. The research highlighted the importance of integrin-Src and EGFR-PI3K signaling pathways for YAP nuclear localization, which was crucial for cell cycle progression and growth. Additionally, YAP acted as a sensor of epithelial cell polarity, with its localization influenced by apical-basal polarity signals. These findings provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of skin renewal and the potential impact of YAP and TAZ on skin-related conditions and cancer.

The study found that ornithine decarboxylase 1 (Odc1) was regulated by the androgen receptor (AR) in skeletal muscle, with higher expression in adult male mice compared to females and younger males. Odc1 was essential for myoblast proliferation, as its inhibition reduced myoblast numbers, while overexpression increased them. AR deletion in mice led to decreased Odc1 expression, indicating direct regulation by AR. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) also upregulated Odc1 in human myoblasts, supporting its role in proliferation. These findings suggested that androgens, through AR, contributed to greater muscle mass in males and normal muscle development, with potential therapeutic implications for enhancing muscle mass in conditions like HIV, cancer cachexia, and sarcopenia. ODC was already a target for treating hirsutism, indicating the potential for developing ODC agonists to increase muscle mass without androgen side effects.