210 citations
,
November 2015 in “The Lancet HIV” This study observed that while PrEP was effective among transgender women if taken, adherence was low, especially among those at higher risk.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” This study found that oral estradiol was generally effective in achieving target 17-β estradiol levels in transgender women, but often failed to suppress testosterone adequately, with variability in individual responses.
34 citations
,
April 2023 in “Climacteric” This review discusses the long-term effects of gender affirming hormone therapy and reports no new clinical findings, recommending a shared decision-making approach to balance benefits and risks for transgender individuals.
26 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses the dermatologic needs and care considerations for transgender patients undergoing gender transition, highlighting the unique role dermatologists can play, but it does not report new clinical results.
24 citations
,
March 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology” This article addresses the complexity of treating acne in female-to-male transgender adolescents undergoing testosterone therapy, highlighting concerns about co-administered treatments and their potential risks.
23 citations
,
January 2016 in “Transgender health” In this case report, a transgender woman experienced scalp hair regrowth after approximately six months of oral estradiol and spironolactone treatment, achieving testosterone levels within the normal female range.
17 citations
,
February 2018 in “British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery” This paper reviews the evolution and classification of forehead reduction and orbital contouring techniques in transgender females, but reports no new clinical findings.
16 citations
,
June 2022 in “Transgender Health” This review suggests that oocyte retrieval may be viable for transgender men on testosterone therapy, with potentially manageable effects on fertility preservation without requiring extensive hormone suspension.
16 citations
,
January 2019 in “Kansas journal of medicine” This source outlines what it takes to be a competent provider for transgender individuals, focusing on their health needs, disparities, and coverage, and examines medical biases and hormone treatment guidelines, alongside treatment options for different age groups, concluding with evolving trends in medical education.
16 citations
,
January 2019 in “LGBT health” Transgender women can still get testicular cancer, so proper screening is important.
14 citations
,
March 2019 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” This review discusses hair restoration procedures for transgender patients undergoing gender transformation surgery and describes the authors' surgical approach but reports no clinical outcomes.
11 citations
,
September 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This study found that the incidence of hyperkalemia is low among transgender, gender nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming individuals, particularly those under 45, but increases with age.
11 citations
,
January 2019 in “Sexual Medicine” This study found that among MtF transgender individuals, those with early-onset gender dysphoria exhibited differences in age at surgery, sexual orientation, and sexual activity compared to those with later-onset dysphoria.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that transgender men using testosterone therapy had higher rates of acne and increased body hair growth, resembling male patterns more closely than those not on testosterone.
9 citations
,
July 2024 in “Anaesthesia” Ensure respectful and inclusive care for transgender and gender-diverse patients during surgery.
8 citations
,
April 2022 in “Trends in cancer” This review outlines the existing literature on gender-affirming hormone therapy and cancer risk among transgender populations but offers no new clinical findings, highlighting the need for more research to address cancer health disparities.
8 citations
,
January 2025 in “Journal of Adolescent Health” In this retrospective cohort study, researchers found that persistent discontinuation of gender-affirming hormones among transgender adolescents was rare, mainly due to achieving gender expression goals or access issues, with very few reidentifying with their birth-assigned sex.
7 citations
,
January 2019 in “Headache” This source suggests that migraine prevalence increases in transgender women using oestrogen and decreases in transgender men using testosterone, with high oral oestrogen doses in transgender women potentially linked to aura risk.
5 citations
,
January 2023 in “Fertility and sterility” This review discusses the emerging considerations and challenges of uterus transplantation for transgender women but presents no new clinical results.
4 citations
,
March 2022 in “Transgender Health” This study reports that psoriasis prevalence among transgender individuals is similar to that in the general population, with possible links to gender-affirming hormone therapy needing more research.
4 citations
,
August 2018 in “American journal of otolaryngology” Transgender women on estrogen therapy can develop melasma and need proper skin care.
3 citations
,
February 2021 in “JAMA Dermatology” Masculinizing hormone therapy increases the risk of hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse patients.
2 citations
,
July 2024 in “International Journal of Transgender Health” This study reviewed literature on dermatological changes in transgender and gender diverse individuals during gender affirming medical transition, identifying risks like acne and hypertrophic scars, and provided tailored care recommendations for health professionals.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” This study found that gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender men increased acne and male pattern hair loss, while in transgender women, it led to melasma and female pattern hair loss.
1 citations
,
August 2019 in “Evidence-Based Practice” Spironolactone and finasteride are equally effective for hirsutism in transgender women.
May 2026 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, sublingual minoxidil was found to be a safe and effective treatment for increasing hair growth in transgender individuals with mild androgenetic alopecia who are undergoing full-dose testosterone therapy.
August 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Oral minoxidil can effectively treat hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse individuals.
October 2023 in “Paediatrics & child health” This document serves as a resource for pediatricians and primary care providers to guide gender-affirming health care for transgender and gender-diverse youth, including potential medical transition options.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article discusses the incidence of androgenetic alopecia in transgender and gender diverse patients undergoing gender affirming hormone therapy but presents no new clinical findings, highlighting a gap in large-scale studies.
April 2026 in “Dermatology and Therapy” This paper argues that androgenetic alopecia in transgender and gender-diverse individuals is clinically significant, suggesting individualized and gender-affirming treatment approaches, with oral minoxidil as a key therapy.