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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Niosomes are a promising, stable, and cost-effective drug delivery system with potential for improved targeting and safety.

PCOS is a complex disorder in women that can lead to various health risks and requires personalized treatment.

Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

The document concludes that developing generic topical drugs requires ensuring they match the original in quality, composition, and structure, and often involves complex testing and regulatory steps.

Melatonin may benefit skin health and could be a promising treatment in dermatology.

Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

Effective treatments for male pattern baldness include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, while topical minoxidil is best for female pattern baldness.

Liposomes and niosomes improve finasteride delivery for hair loss treatment.

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Fullerenes show potential in skin care but need more safety research.

Using nanostructured lipid carriers to deliver spironolactone could improve treatment for hair loss.

Liposomes better deliver minoxidil for hair loss treatment than niosomes.

Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.

Niosomes are promising for skin drug delivery, offering benefits like improved drug penetration and stability.

Women with PCOS who have low SHBG are more likely to have low good cholesterol and metabolic syndrome.

Topical drugs and near-infrared light therapy show potential for treating alopecia.

Advanced human skin models improve drug development and could replace animal testing.

Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.

Hair follicle stem cells are a promising source for tissue repair and treating skin or hair diseases.

Squarticles effectively deliver hair growth drugs to follicles and dermal papilla cells.

Nanoparticles can enter the skin, potentially causing toxicity, especially in damaged skin.

Sebaceous glands in the skin play a key role in absorbing the antiandrogen drug RU 58841, especially when it's encapsulated in liposomes.

Coffee silverskin may be a beneficial and safe ingredient for cosmetics, offering hydration, firmness, and potential hair growth benefits.

Nanocrystals improve skin penetration and stability of caffeine, suggesting a new method for delivering similar substances through the skin.

Using CRISPR for gene editing in the body is promising but needs better delivery methods to be more efficient and specific.

Nanoparticles around 600-700 nm can effectively enter and stay in hair follicles for days, which may help in delivering drugs to specific cells.