10 citations,
January 2014 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Ethanol pretreatment affects drug penetration through skin and hair follicles.
April 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The combination of laser and topical steroids is more effective for treating alopecia areata than topical steroids alone.
316 citations,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.
204 citations,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
182 citations,
December 2007 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles significantly increase the speed and amount of caffeine absorbed through the skin.
151 citations,
May 2014 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Effective treatments for male pattern baldness include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, while topical minoxidil is best for female pattern baldness.
137 citations,
June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
82 citations,
January 2002 in “Journal of drug targeting” Drugs penetrate scalp skin better than abdominal skin, with scalp hair follicles aiding in higher drug delivery.
71 citations,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
63 citations,
January 2012 in “The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care” Some birth control pills have a higher risk of blood clots than others.
61 citations,
June 2010 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Cationic polymers improved liposome stability and increased skin absorption of aciclovir and minoxidil.
60 citations,
January 2014 in “Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia” Nanotechnology in dermatology shows promise for better drug delivery and treatment effectiveness but requires more safety research.
59 citations,
October 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Research” Squalene-based carriers improve delivery of a treatment to hair follicles for alopecia areata.
55 citations,
June 2013 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Ablative fractional resurfacing could improve how well topical drugs penetrate the skin, but more research is needed to fine-tune the method.
52 citations,
September 1996 in “Obstetrics & Gynecology” People often struggle to consistently use contraceptives and other medications, and long-acting options might be better for those who want to avoid daily doses.
47 citations,
November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” Surface-modified nanoparticles mainly use non-follicular pathways to enhance skin permeation of ibuprofen and could improve treatment for inflammatory skin diseases.
40 citations,
November 2011 in “American Journal of Human Biology” Stress from being transgender is linked to higher blood pressure at night and more inflammation, which may affect heart health.
39 citations,
November 2016 in “Pharmaceutics” The hair follicle pathway significantly affects how easily water-loving chemicals pass through the skin.
35 citations,
May 2012 in “Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews” Minoxidil effectively treats female pattern hair loss.
27 citations,
January 2018 in “Curēus” Subcutaneous contraceptives can cause side effects like menstrual changes, headaches, weight gain, and pain at the implant site.
27 citations,
January 2005 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Azelaic acid and anthralin are similarly effective for treating patchy hair loss.
24 citations,
December 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” Finasteride can cause sexual problems and depression in young men.
23 citations,
July 2018 in “BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine” Certain herbal combinations in traditional Chinese medicine might be effective for treating hair loss, focusing on liver or stomach health.
23 citations,
October 2016 in “Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health” The document concludes that health care providers should offer culturally competent care and more research is needed to improve health outcomes for transgender individuals.
22 citations,
January 2015 in “The Cochrane library” DHEA may help with sexual function when used intravaginally by menopausal women but is similar to hormone therapy in other aspects and might cause more side effects like acne and hair loss.
21 citations,
May 2016 in “The Cochrane library” Topical minoxidil helps treat female pattern hair loss, but more research needed for other treatments.
21 citations,
February 2015 in “Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery” Negative pressure wound therapy is effective for skin grafts in cats.
21 citations,
November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
21 citations,
September 2008 in “Magnetic Resonance Imaging” MRI can effectively image skin structures noninvasively.
21 citations,
January 2003 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Different skin cells process testosterone differently, and certain drugs can change this process, possibly helping treat acne and hair loss.