128 citations
,
July 2009 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This study found that penetration enhancer-containing vesicles significantly improved minoxidil delivery to the skin compared to traditional liposomes and penetration enhancer-containing ethanolic solutions, with deformability linked to enhanced deposition.
111 citations
,
March 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery” This review discusses the potential use of liposomal formulations to enhance the effectiveness of cosmeceutical delivery through the skin barrier, with no new clinical results reported.
94 citations
,
September 2014 in “Therapeutic Delivery” This review describes recent advances in using nanoparticles for drug delivery to hair follicles, with potential applications in treating skin diseases such as alopecia and acne, but reports no new findings.
55 citations
,
June 2009 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study found that ethanol-containing formulations significantly increased minoxidil retention in the stratum corneum and appendages initially, while a propylene glycol-rich formulation enhanced deeper skin penetration over time.
39 citations
,
November 2016 in “Pharmaceutics” This study found that the contribution of the hair follicle pathway to skin permeation of chemicals can be predicted using lipophilicity, with hydrophilic chemicals showing greater permeation reduction from hair follicle plugging than lipophilic ones.
39 citations
,
November 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study found that massaging the skin significantly increases follicular penetration of liposomes in an ex vivo setting, while occlusion only enhanced penetration for rigid liposomes.
39 citations
,
April 2010 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This study found that using monoolein cubic phase nanoparticles with an entrapped hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin/minoxidil complex increased minoxidil skin permeation, but minoxidil retention in the skin was higher with a traditional solution.
32 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of Microencapsulation” In this study, nanocapsule-based preparations containing hinokitiol promoted hair growth in mice comparably to Minoxidil solution, as indicated by photographic and histological analysis.
22 citations
,
November 2018 in “Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This review discusses iontophoresis, low-frequency ultrasound, and microneedles for enhancing topical drug delivery in dermatological treatments and reports no clinical results; it emphasizes their mechanisms and potential uses.
21 citations
,
April 2012 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” This study suggests that gel containing OSF3 loaded in niosomes offers high transfollicular penetration for topical anti-androgenic alopecia treatment with minimal systemic effect.
21 citations
,
September 2008 in “Magnetic Resonance Imaging” This study utilized magnetic resonance imaging to noninvasively visualize and differentiate skin structures in rat skin, finding a significant correlation between MRI data and histological areas.
15 citations
,
October 2012 in “InTech eBooks” Niosomes are a promising and effective way to deliver drugs through the skin.
10 citations
,
September 2024 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology” This study developed an antimicrobial microneedle patch for delivering apoptotic vesicles to treat infected wounds, which was found to effectively reduce bacterial growth and accelerate scarless healing, including the rapid formation of mature hair follicles in just 8 days, a previously unreported early outcome.
9 citations
,
October 2013 in “Drug Delivery” This research found that ethosomes significantly enhanced finasteride delivery into the dermis of human cadaver skin compared to liposomes in an in vitro study.
7 citations
,
October 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” This study developed a caffeine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle gel, observing significant reduction in subcutaneous fat tissue thickness in histological tests compared to an untreated group, suggesting it could effectively treat cellulite as a promising nanocosmeceutical gel.
6 citations
,
January 2016 in “Springer eBooks” Invasomes effectively deliver drugs through the skin and have potential for improved treatments.
6 citations
,
July 2009 in “Biomolecules & therapeutics” This study found that combining MSM with MAP significantly enhanced hair growth in mice, comparable to or better than minoxidil, due to increased intradermal retention of MAP.
2 citations
,
September 2023 in “Scientific reports” This study reports that zinc oxide or silver nanoparticles capped with vitamin A or E, incorporated into wheat gluten films, showed significant potential in promoting burn wound healing in mice by facilitating wound contraction, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition, while also exhibiting antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
2 citations
,
January 2012 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” This study observed that DDAIP-HCl enhanced the permeation of minoxidil through human cadaver skin, suggesting potential for improved treatment efficacy in male pattern hair loss.
1 citations
,
July 2021 in “Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin/Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin” This study found that rubbing significantly increased skin permeation of caffeine but not rhododendrol, with the direction of rubbing playing a crucial role in caffeine's enhancement.
1 citations
,
January 2017 in “Springer eBooks” This chapter reviews the hair follicle's role in drug and chemical penetration through the skin but does not present new experimental findings.
July 2026 in “International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology” This research reported that liposomal systems made from pig-derived skin lipids enhanced finasteride delivery to hair follicles for treating androgenetic alopecia, showing improved drug deposition, hair length, and growth compared to conventional finasteride forms in vitro.
January 2026 in “Nanoscale Advances” This review provides an overview of microneedle-assisted photomedicine, detailing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, design principles, and challenges for translating this approach to skin disease management.
1 citations
,
March 2019 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine” This article contains the late-breaking abstracts from the 39th Annual Conference of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery and does not present new research results.
June 2023 in “Revista médica hondureña” In this study conducted at the Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Ward, 65% of hospitalized pediatric cancer patients developed dermatological lesions, predominantly alopecia and mucositis, possibly due to the administration of plant alkaloid chemotherapy, consistent with existing literature.
In this study, researchers found that the average measurements of the frontal hairline in Colombian women differ significantly from those reported in the United States and Spain, suggesting the need for using local measurements in surgical reconstruction.
316 citations
,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that using a standardized protocol with microspheres of approximately 1.5 micrometers enhances penetration into hair follicles, particularly when skin is treated with cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping.
268 citations
,
April 2009 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” In this study, niosomal formulations enhanced minoxidil skin accumulation compared to commercial and control solutions, suggesting a potential improvement for topical delivery in hair loss treatment.
264 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of biomedical optics” This study found that ZnO nanoparticles in topical skin products do not penetrate beyond the outer skin layers in humans, suggesting minimal safety concerns for subdermal absorption.
211 citations
,
February 2009 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This review summarizes recent advancements in follicular targeting for drug delivery via hair follicles and calls for pilot studies in humans to explore potential clinical applications.