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This chapter reviews dermatological drugs and cosmetics, identifying common allergens and preservatives linked to contact dermatitis without reporting new clinical results.

This review discusses the capabilities of ethosomes as drug delivery carriers and reports improved outcomes in a clinical study with an ethosomal acyclovir formulation.

This review explores the use of topical and transdermal delivery for drugs and cosmetics, highlighting the benefits of avoiding side effects and rapid metabolism, with a focus on nanoparticulate formulations and techniques for studying skin penetration.

In this study, desmopressin-loaded elastic liposomes (ODEL1) showed improved permeation and drug deposition across rat skin by altering the skin's cohesive energies and causing reversible changes on its surface.

This review highlights the potential of plant-derived natural compounds as biocompatible and biodegradable materials in dermal and transdermal delivery systems, emphasizing their unexplored benefits and detailing recent advances in isolation techniques and drug delivery technologies.

This study found that finite element analysis-guided design improved bubble microneedles' controlled tip separation and insertion strength, supporting effective transdermal and sublingual drug delivery.

This study developed a co-design framework using finite element analysis to optimize bubble microneedles, achieving controlled tip separation and effective drug delivery through the skin and mucosa while maintaining insertion strength.

In this study, ethosomes were found to improve the skin penetration of a model lipophilic drug more effectively than liposomes or hydroethanolic solutions, suggesting a unique mechanism involving the breakdown of vesicles in the skin.

This review summarizes the use of 3D printing technologies for creating microneedles and evaluates their associated benefits, challenges, and regulatory considerations, but does not present new experimental results.

In this review, researchers discussed recent advances in nanotechnology for topical skin applications, highlighting how nanocarriers enhance skin penetration and targeting in treatments for diseases like melanoma and psoriasis, while acknowledging that the penetration mechanisms and health impacts of nanoparticles remain not fully understood.

Ethosomes improve finasteride delivery through skin for hair loss treatment.

This study found that nonionic liposomes were the most effective vehicle for delivering reporter genes into the skin of rat pups, compared to other liposome and nonliposome formulations.

The researchers developed semi-dissolving microneedle patches using TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose nanofibers, which allow effective transdermal drug delivery by forming micro-channels for large drug quantities, overcoming traditional microneedles' low drug loading.

This study found that biodegradable PLA particles released fluorochromes in a time-dependent manner on human skin, with BP-PLA particles releasing rapidly and DiAsp-PLA particles providing sustained release and accumulation in hair follicles.

A new microneedle patch effectively and safely treats alopecia areata.

This study found that cholesterol- and phospholipid-free multilamellar niosomes improved skin deposition and targeted deeper hair follicles better than hydrophobic PLGA nanoparticles for transdermal drug delivery.

This review discusses platelet-rich plasma and microneedling for alopecia areata, reporting promising small-scale findings but no new results, and suggests further trials to determine efficacy and specific disease subtype suitability.

This study found that applying benzyl nicotinate on open hair follicles led to a significant increase in blood flow, highlighting the role of the follicular pathway in epidermal penetration.

This study found that a dissolvable microneedle device delivering rapamycin and epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles significantly enhanced hair regrowth in C57BL/6 mice within 7 days, demonstrating increased hair shaft growth and follicle density with minimal inflammation compared to untreated mice.

This study found that newly developed nanogels for transdermal delivery of finasteride were stable, showed excellent drug permeation through the skin, and ensured biocompatibility without causing irritation or toxicity.

This review article discusses ultrasound's potential as a non-invasive tool for diagnosing and treating hair disorders, highlighting its advantages in visualizing scalp structures and enhancing drug delivery, while noting the need for standardized protocols and further research to optimize its clinical application.

In this study, researchers developed a delivery system using a deep eutectic solvent to improve hydroxytyrosol absorption for hair regrowth, achieving over threefold greater skin penetration compared to aqueous solutions and demonstrating its effectiveness and biocompatibility in hair regrowth and ROS-scavenging tests.

This study highlights that physiotherapeutic methods like low-intensity laser therapy, radiofrequency, and electrical stimulation show promising effectiveness in stimulating hair growth and treating telogen effluvium by enhancing cell activity, ATP synthesis, and transdermal drug delivery.

This study developed dutasteride-loaded microneedle systems using a specific polymer to enhance transdermal delivery, demonstrating efficient drug release and increased accumulation in hair follicles, thus supporting their potential for treating androgenic alopecia.

This study found that cedrol nanoemulsions significantly promote hair follicle regeneration and reduce DHT levels in an androgenic alopecia mouse model, suggesting potential efficacy in AGA treatment.

In this study, researchers tested various nanocarrier characteristics and found they could enhance drug delivery to specific skin areas and immune cells, potentially improving treatments for skin conditions by targeting drugs effectively.

This study explored microemulsion formulations for delivering finasteride through the skin, finding that higher water concentrations increased permeation, which may inform optimal transdermal delivery for treating androgenetic alopecia.

This review concluded that using niosomes in cosmetics significantly enhances the aesthetic and therapeutic effects of skin and hair products, potentially aiding in treating skin conditions.

This review explores the use of skin penetration enhancers like Transcutol® in various formulation systems, discussing their mechanisms and effectiveness in improving transdermal drug delivery without breaching the skin.

This article discusses the potential of novel microneedle transdermal systems for enhanced drug and vaccine delivery through the skin, but reports no clinical results and emphasizes ongoing trials.