March 2026 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” This study described a novel three-dimensional-printed microneedle system designed for improved transdermal delivery of minoxidil to treat hair loss, demonstrating effective hair regrowth and safety in a mouse model while allowing sustainable needle base recovery.
October 2024 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This study aimed to develop a new transdermal patch for treating androgenetic alopecia using finasteride, combined with chemical permeation enhancers to improve drug delivery through the skin, but results of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics evaluations are not reported.
12 citations
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March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” This study found that caffeine and flufenamic acid penetrated porcine skin more effectively through hair follicles, while the importance of the follicular pathway varied for other substances tested.
1 citations
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June 2025 in “Therapeutic Delivery” This article reviews microneedle technology as a transdermal drug delivery platform without presenting new clinical results, emphasizing its engineered microstructure arrays for enhanced penetration.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” PLGA-based microneedles show promise for painless, long-term drug delivery but need design and safety improvements.
October 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” This study found that using a stevioside-based microneedle patch significantly increased minoxidil's solubility and skin absorption, promoting hair growth in animal models and achieving 67.5% area coverage by day 35, highlighting the potential of this novel delivery system for androgenetic alopecia treatment.
26 citations
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January 2024 in “Gels” This review highlights advancements in nanoemulgel platforms for topical and transdermal drug delivery, noting their improved safety and efficacy over conventional treatments in in vitro and in vivo studies, specifically for conditions like skin diseases and inflammatory issues.
12 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” This systematic review describes current findings on the use of recombinant epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) for skin aging and wound healing, emphasizing its potential benefits but highlighting the need for more controlled studies to optimize dosing and treatment protocols.
48 citations
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January 2024 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This paper reviews strategies to enhance the effectiveness of topical drug delivery by addressing skin barrier challenges, optimizing drug delivery systems, and personalizing treatment approaches, highlighting both current advancements and limitations in the field.
110 citations
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January 2014 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Phospholipid-coated nanoparticles penetrate hair follicles better than others, especially in pig ears.
13 citations
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April 2025 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” In this study, a hydrogel with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound tissue adhesion properties was developed, showing significant potential for wound healing and suggesting it could offer a new and effective treatment option in clinical settings.
8 citations
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March 2025 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” Dissolvable microneedles are a promising, painless method for effective skin treatments.
6 citations
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May 2019 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study found that diffusion coefficients of chemicals in artificial sebum are significantly higher than those in stratum corneum lipids, suggesting the hair follicle may significantly contribute to transdermal permeation.
4 citations
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May 2022 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This research observed that nanoliposomes delivering a combination of bioactive peptides significantly promoted hair growth in vitro and in vivo by enhancing the proliferation and function of hair growth-targeted cells in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting a promising approach for treating androgenetic alopecia.
3 citations
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May 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” In this study, researchers observed that phospholipid-calcium carbonate hybrid nanoparticles effectively delivered Tofacitinib citrate topically, which significantly inhibited hair follicle apoptosis and promoted hair growth in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced alopecia, compared to a traditional Tofacitinib solution.
2 citations
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November 2025 in “Pharmaceutics” This study found that a CLSM-based approach could semi-quantitatively assess the transdermal penetration behavior of fluorescent dyes with different lipophilicities, offering a tool for early-stage screening of compound penetration.
2 citations
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December 2024 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” In animal studies, this research found that minoxidil-loaded air-pocket microneedles improved hair loss treatment efficiency compared to topical application, while effectively sealing punctured skin openings.
1 citations
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April 2024 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This review examines the use of microneedles for treating alopecia areata, highlighting their ability to enhance drug delivery through the skin by bypassing the outer barrier and promoting hair growth with minimal invasiveness.
September 2025 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” Vitamin D3-coated nanoparticles effectively deliver caffeine for alopecia treatment with minimal side effects.
July 2025 in “Materials Today Bio” This study suggests that curcumin-loaded nanoparticles, which activate autophagy and reduce oxidative stress, showed promise in promoting hair growth in an androgenetic alopecia mouse model.
May 2025 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology” This study reported that an ATRA-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier gel (ATRA-NLC-Gel) improved symptoms of alopecia areata in mice by enhancing transdermal drug delivery, reducing skin irritation, and promoting hair regrowth through targeted follicle enrichment and pathway activation.
February 2025 in “Processes” This study highlights the potential of chitosan nanoparticles to improve cannabidiol solubility and delivery for treating alopecia, suggesting a promising approach for transdermal delivery of hydrophobic compounds.
August 2024 in “Bioorganic Chemistry” This study found that oral administration of cedrol, a component of ginger, improved hair regeneration and reduced hair follicle damage in cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia areata in mice more effectively than external administration, by enhancing cytokine expression and modulating key signaling pathways.
June 2024 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” This study reported that using photoacoustic waves to enhance transdermal delivery of encapsulated minoxidil can significantly increase hair growth while reducing treatment frequency and systemic side effects.
February 2024 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” In this study, a newly developed cardamonin-loaded liposomal formulation significantly enhanced hair growth and improved hair follicle performance in mice with androgenic alopecia.
December 2023 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” This study found that MCS nanoparticles improved Minoxidil's hair growth effects in an animal model compared to the commercial formulation, but they were less effective than CS nanoparticles despite showing better solubility with minimal side effects.
November 2023 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This article reviews the potential of stem cell-derived exosomes as a therapeutic approach for androgenic alopecia, noting their advantages over traditional cell therapy in repairing and regenerating hair follicles to address hair loss.
1 citations
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November 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This source reports on ongoing clinical trials examining the therapeutic potential of topical CBD for skin conditions like acne, dermatitis, and psoriasis, and emphasizes that upcoming trial results will be crucial in evaluating its effectiveness.
December 2025 in “Phytomedicine Plus” This review summarizes recent advances in alopecia management, focusing on combining synthetic and herbal therapies with innovative drug delivery systems like nanocarriers to enhance effectiveness and reduce side effects, while noting challenges with skin penetration and bioavailability.
40 citations
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January 2022 in “Frontiers in Chemistry” This study found that a microneedle array patch using a blend of kangfuxin, chitosan, and fucoidan significantly accelerated wound healing in rats by enhancing epithelial thickness and collagen deposition.