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This review discusses the use, mechanism, and side effects of topical immunomodulators in treating immune-mediated skin disorders and reports no new clinical results, urging further research on experimental agents.

This case study reports a good response and tolerability for a combination treatment involving high potency topical corticosteroid, minoxidil 2%, LED, and inosine pranobex in a child with alopecia areata.

This case report describes a 19-year-old female with recurrent alopecia totalis who experienced complete remission after re-treatment with various therapies, emphasizing the importance of long-term follow-up in managing alopecia areata.

This literature review highlights the effectiveness of topical vitamin D (e.g., calcipotriol, calcitriol) in treating vitiligo, emphasizing its role in melanogenesis and as an immunomodulator, either alone or combined with topical corticosteroids, offering minimal side effects.

This article reports a case of alopecia areata that responded positively to treatment with topical 1% pimecrolimus.

This study observed that topical PUVA treatment led to excellent or good hair regrowth in 45.4% of patients with alopecia areata, though many experienced relapse after treatment stopped.

This study found that imiquimod combined with fish oil in a bigel formulation enhanced antitumor effects and reduced inflammatory side effects in a skin cancer model.

This preliminary study observed that topical nitrogen mustard was beneficial for only 1 out of 6 patients with extensive alopecia areata, with 4 patients not completing the trial.

In this review, researchers discussed the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of metformin and hypothesized that its topical application could benefit those with alopecia areata, given its effects on immune pathways, hair regrowth, and autoimmune disease management.

This source describes a previous case report that combined anthralin and calcipotriene to treat alopecia areata, showing promising results, but highlights that further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and potential benefits of this combination therapy.

Clofazimine may be effective for treating ashy dermatosis.

This review discusses the varied cutaneous manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and outlines treatment approaches, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This review examined the role, efficacy, and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in treating alopecia areata, noting that baricitinib has received approval as the first on-label treatment due to positive outcomes in multiple trials.

This study reported that prompt diagnosis and treatment with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and topical immunomodulators are key to mitigating the effects of frontal fibrosing alopecia and preventing permanent hair loss.

This review discusses the advancements in understanding and treating androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata but reports no clinical findings; the authors emphasize the need for further research on molecular control mechanisms.

This article discusses the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil and hydroxychloroquine for treating lichen planopilaris and reports no new clinical results.

This review highlights increased cases of alopecia frontal fibrosante among Black women, emphasizing the need for ethnically diverse research and culturally sensitive management practices, but reports no new clinical findings.

This article discusses various treatments for primary cicatricial alopecia with a focus on early intervention to manage symptoms and improve hair density, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses treatments for frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris, noting that systemic 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are most effective for stabilization and potential hair regrowth, but reports no new clinical results.

This review analyzes the clinical, histopathological, and etiopathogenic aspects of alopecia areata and discusses current treatments, reporting no new clinical results.

This article highlights differences in childhood alopecia areata compared to adult cases but reports no new clinical findings.

This article reviews the most common skin diseases worldwide and reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the various roles of vitamin D in skin disorders, including established use in psoriasis and potential applications for atopic dermatitis and skin cancer prevention, but reports no new clinical results.

This case report documents two postmenopausal women with frontal fibrosing alopecia whose hair loss stabilized after treatment with topical corticosteroids, one also using minoxidil.

This review discusses the mechanisms of hair repigmentation and reports no clinical results; the authors suggest further research into topical treatments for reversing gray hair.

In this case series, researchers reported on the clinical characteristics and treatment approaches for Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia in four cases, emphasizing the importance of early identification and intervention to manage this scarring hair loss disorder that primarily affects the frontal hairline and eyebrows.

This study found that tumor immunotherapy, while effective against solid tumors, can disrupt the immune balance in hair follicles, causing follicular toxicity and alopecia, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to manage these adverse effects.

In this case report, a 62-year-old woman with suspected discoid lupus erythematosus experienced worsening skin and hair symptoms despite treatment with topical corticosteroids, immunomodulatory therapy, and hydroxychloroquine, leading to her referral to a tertiary dermatology center.

This review discusses common skin appendage diseases, including their pathophysiology and treatments, but does not report new results.

This review discusses various theories of the causes and management strategies for hidradenitis suppurativa, reporting no new experimental results, with a focus on the immune basis of the disease.