August 2026 in “Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry” This study found that administering tolerogenic dendritic cell-conditioned medium to dihydrotestosterone-treated mice promoted hair regrowth by modulating the follicular microenvironment, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activating key signaling pathways, highlighting its potential as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia.
21 citations
,
October 2025 in “Advanced Materials” This study found that a newly created biomimetic microneedle platform effectively expedited wound repair in diabetic animal models by reducing inflammation, enhancing angiogenesis, and promoting skin regeneration through targeted drug delivery and immune response modification.
1 citations
,
April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that anagen stage protein homogenates and specific epitopes from melanogenesis proteins activated CD8 T cells, suggesting alopecia areata is an anagen-specific disease.
January 2025 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” In this study, a nanoparticle system codelivering diphenylcyclopropenone and rapamycin successfully induced immune tolerance and promoted hair regrowth in a mouse model of alopecia areata, offering a promising new therapeutic strategy for this autoimmune condition.
January 2014 in “Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)” This study identified keratins as autoantigens in alopecia areata and found that a tolerogenic form of keratin application delayed disease progression in mice by affecting T-cell responses.
January 2024 in “Wiadomości Lekarskie” This pilot clinical study introduces DEC cells as a novel therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, confirming safety and efficacy in seven patients up to 24 months post-treatment.
12 citations
,
May 2019 in “Stem cell reviews” In this study, fetal stem cells were identified in adult human hair follicles long after childbirth, indicating potential for autologous therapies due to their pluripotent characteristics.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, researchers observed that alopecia areata patients showed higher Th1 and Th2 responses against specific melanogenesis-related protein epitopes, suggesting a role in disease activity and potential targets for diagnostics and therapies.
26 citations
,
September 2023 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Regulatory T cells help prevent autoimmunity and have potential for treating autoimmune diseases.
August 2025 in “BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology” The LTF gene may help predict and manage nonspecific orbital inflammation.
12 citations
,
May 2017 in “Pharmacology & therapeutics” This review discusses the mechanisms underlying immune tolerance failure in alopecia areata and highlights potential therapeutic avenues for restoring hair growth and achieving sustained remission, but reports no new clinical results.
2 citations
,
June 2026 in “Frontiers in Science” This review examines the potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies to transform treatment across various medical specialties by promoting immune tolerance and tissue repair, but it reports no new clinical results.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” This study provides a framework for understanding different types of alopecias based on immune privilege collapse at specific follicular sites, revealing distinct patterns in immune effector programs and stromal influences depending on the alopecia type.
1533 citations
,
October 2008 in “Endocrine reviews” This research highlights that engineered mice lacking the vitamin D receptor show multiple health issues similar to human vitamin D deficiency, underscoring the widespread impacts of the vitamin D endocrine system.
480 citations
,
August 2014 in “Nature Biotechnology” This review discusses manipulating the stem cell niche as a strategy in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues, highlighting the potential benefits and challenges but reporting no new results.
306 citations
,
April 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses the protective roles of skin-resident immune cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis and facilitating wound healing, but reports no new experimental findings.
273 citations
,
May 2017 in “The Lancet” This review discusses the diagnosis and management of severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs and provides guidance for physicians to improve patient outcomes, but it reports no new clinical results.
271 citations
,
May 2019 in “Cells” This review discusses the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived secretomes for treating degenerative and inflammatory diseases, reporting no new clinical results but highlighting their proposed mechanisms and advantages over direct MSC transplantation.
139 citations
,
February 2014 in “Journal of Advanced Research” This review explores the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the skin from a dermatological perspective, but reports no new clinical results.
130 citations
,
November 2017 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review explores recent findings on regulatory T cells, focusing on their unique functions in non-lymphoid tissues and new mechanisms of action, but presents no original clinical results.
119 citations
,
July 2016 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” This review examines the impact of vitamin D signaling in extraskeletal tissues and notes that expected benefits from animal and cell studies have not been consistently replicated in human clinical trials.
82 citations
,
October 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review discusses the features of regulatory T cells and the modulation of Foxp3, emphasizing post-translational modifications' impact on Treg function but reports no new clinical results.
77 citations
,
July 2020 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This review examines the skin exposome, including solar exposure, air pollution, hormones, nutrition, and psychological factors, but reports no new clinical results.
70 citations
,
February 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery” This review discusses current knowledge on the biological mechanisms of different types of alopecia but reports no new clinical findings; the authors highlight future research directions, especially regarding epidermal stem cells and immune pathways.
65 citations
,
February 2017 in “Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology” This review examines the roles of macrophages and Langerhans cells in skin homeostasis and suggests that understanding these functions can aid in developing therapies for skin and hair regeneration, but it reports no new research findings.
61 citations
,
September 2010 in “Genomics” This study found distinct gene expression profiles in alopecia areata-affected skin, suggesting T-cell mediated immune responses and unique gene profiles between different stages of the disease.
60 citations
,
January 2023 in “Biomaterials Science” This study reviews recent advancements in microneedles made from PLGA, highlighting their use in delivering vaccines, drugs, and proteins through the skin with minimal invasiveness, and discusses the challenges and future potential of these delivery systems.
60 citations
,
September 2015 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.
55 citations
,
April 2022 in “Journal of Molecular Medicine” This review discusses the relationship between aging, chronic inflammation, and immunosuppression, suggesting that these interconnected processes may contribute to tumorigenesis and premature aging, but reports no new experimental results.
49 citations
,
December 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This review explores the complex relationship between thyroid hormones and skin, discussing potential mechanisms and known interactions but reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for further research.