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Cataract surgery in Europe varies in frequency and cost between countries.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease where T cells attack hair follicles.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin.

Air pollution worsens skin diseases and aging by causing inflammation and oxidative stress.

Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.

Exosomes from umbilical cord cells fix hearing loss and damaged ear hair cells in mice.

Some treatments for autoimmune hair loss work, but JAK inhibitors like tofacitinib are promising for regrowth.

PCOS in lean women is a serious health condition with implications beyond fertility, affecting metabolism and increasing cardiovascular disease risk.

Melanocytes produce melanin; their defects cause vitiligo and hair graying, with treatments available for vitiligo.

New treatments and management strategies for skin conditions like melanoma and Spitz naevi were discussed at the dermatologists' meeting.

The document explains the causes, types, diagnosis, and treatments of hair loss, and its psychological impact, especially on women.

Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that can lead to an underactive thyroid and is treated with medication and sometimes diet changes or surgery.

Researchers found four key stages of cell development that are important for hair growth and shedding in cashmere goats.

The document concludes that there have been significant improvements in diagnosing and treating skin diseases, including melanoma, with new techniques and therapies.

Lichen Planus is a less common condition affecting skin and mucous membranes, with various types and associated risk factors, challenging to diagnose, significantly impacts life quality, and may have a risk of cancerous changes in oral lesions.

Teriflunomide helps reduce multiple sclerosis symptoms and is safe for most patients.

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition often starting before age 20, with varied treatment success and a need for personalized treatment plans.

Toll-like receptors are important for wound healing, but can slow it down in diabetic wounds.

Certain diets can affect skin conditions, but more research is needed to understand these relationships fully.

Ginsenoside Re from ginseng may help hair grow by blocking a specific growth-inhibiting pathway.

Hair loss in children is diagnosed and treated differently than in adults, with different common causes and a focus on less invasive methods.

Cooling the scalp may prevent hair loss from chemotherapy, hair often grows back after treatment, and nail issues usually improve after stopping the drug.

Most HIV patients in the study showed skin and mucous membrane issues, with oral thrush being the most common.

Effective PCOS treatments require targeting specific signaling pathways.

Different scalp and hair disorders are more common in certain ethnic groups, with the most common being androgenetic alopecia, which is treated with medications like minoxidil and finasteride.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Nuclear hormone receptors play a significant role in skin wound healing and could lead to better treatment methods.

2011 dermatological research found new skin aging markers, hair loss causes, skin defense mechanisms, and potential for new treatments.

The skin's ability to produce hormones is linked to various skin conditions, and better understanding this process could lead to new treatments.