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In this study, photodynamic therapy significantly reduced inflammatory acne lesions and sebum secretion, possibly by inducing apoptosis in sebaceous glands and down-regulating TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression.

In this study, researchers found that using bioinspired nanovesicles derived from inflammation memory-activated epidermal stem cells effectively promoted healing in diabetic wounds by reprogramming neutrophils to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in both laboratory and animal models.

This study found that dracorhodin perchlorate improved wound healing in diabetic rats by regulating the TLR4 pathway and related inflammatory factors.

In this animal study, AGO (agomelatine) effectively alleviated testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option for managing BPH through specific signaling pathways.

This review highlights the role of the receptor TLR4 in cellular aging and age-related diseases, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target due to its contribution to persistent inflammation and symptom regulation in these conditions.

In this mouse study, aerobic exercise was found to protect the intestinal mucosal barrier in obstructive jaundice by inhibiting the HMGB1 / TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathway through the H2S / CSE system.

This study found that oral administration of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide reduced tumor volume and improved survival in mice by modulating macrophage polarization and enhancing antitumor immune responses.

This study found that deleting Ube2n in adult mouse skin leads to inflammation and other skin changes, and identifies IRAK1/4 as potential treatment targets for inflammatory skin disorders.

This review discusses the role of Toll-like receptors in wound healing and highlights their potential therapeutic value but notes that their role in human wound healing and chronic wounds is not well understood.

In this study, researchers found that mitochondrial complex I plays a crucial role in regulating innate immunity and bone remodeling, with Ndufs4 deletion causing systemic inflammation and osteopetrosis through various metabolic shifts and cellular mechanisms.

This study found that maternal consumption of a western diet in mice led to toxic milk production, causing inflammation and alopecia in nursing neonates due to Toll-like-receptor activation.

This study found that when metabolism changes and extracellular glucose decreases, hippocampal CA3 neurons release ATP, which is converted to adenosine and reduces neuron excitability, enhancing the seizure threshold.

Reactive lipids from aging cells change the extracellular matrix, affecting cell function and inflammation.

This study found that certain genetic variants, specifically CYB5R1 and IL1A, may be linked to different types of acne scarring, with CYB5R1 associated with atrophic scarring and IL1A with fibrotic scarring, indicating a potential polygenic nature of acne scarring.

This study found that restoring the skin microbiome significantly improved hair growth and skin condition in androgenic alopecia model mice by modulating the immune-inflammatory balance, highlighting the potential of bacterial-based therapies for hair loss.

This review examined the potential effects of Kampo medicine Hangeshashinto on oral mucositis, highlighting that several natural products in its composition may inhibit intracellular AGEs, reduce inflammation from extracellular AGEs, and suppress cytotoxicity in stomatitis.

This study suggests that the expression and localization of toll-like receptors and caveolin-1 in lichen planopilaris may influence cicatricial alopecia pathobiology and that downregulating caveolae could offer a novel management strategy.

This study found that inhibitory neurosteroids synthesized within glial cells can reduce seizure frequency in epileptic animals by enhancing inhibitory transmission via γ-aminobutyric acid receptors.

This study found that carbonic anhydrase II was significantly upregulated in human keratinocytes when treated with toll-like receptor 3 agonist and Th2 cytokines, suggesting its potential role in inflammatory skin conditions.

This study found that expressions of TLR-3, TLR-7, TLR-8, and TLR-9 were significantly higher in alopecia areata patients compared to healthy controls, indicating a potential role in disease autoimmunity.

This study found that human skin expresses proenkephalin, whose expression is upregulated by environmental stress and varies in pathological conditions, increasing in psoriasis and decreasing in melanocytic tumors.

This study found that glioblastoma cancer stem cells avoid immune suppression by downregulating TLR4, and restoring TLR4 signaling may reduce tumor growth and self-renewal.

This study found significantly higher levels of Toll-Like Receptor 4, interferon gamma, and interleukin-17 in Iraqi patients with alopecia areata compared to controls, suggesting these immune markers play a crucial role in the disease's development and could be targets for future treatments.

This review discusses the role of toll-like receptors in cancer treatment, providing an overview of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials on TLR-targeted therapies and noting the challenges and future prospects.

This study found that anethole reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in acetic acid-induced colitis in mice, suggesting protective effects in this experimental setting.

This systematic review and meta-analysis reported potential risk variants for acne in genes related to inflammation and sebaceous gland function, including TNF, CYP17A1, and FST, across diverse populations.

This study used bioinformatics to explore molecular differences in testicular and ovarian responses to SARS-CoV-2, identifying genes that could be associated with sex differences in infection outcomes.

This study found that short-chain fatty acids produced by the skin microbe Propionibacterium acnes may drive inflammatory gene expression in sebocytes, potentially contributing to acne.

In this study on mice, researchers observed that dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) plays a key role in regulating skin inflammation and tissue repair; however, reduced expression of certain cytokines in obese mice may hinder these processes, indicating potential metabolic disruptions in dWAT during inflammation.

This study investigated the possible role of neutrophil extracellular traps in contributing to fibrosis in stenotic Crohn's disease.