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This review reports that Dang Gui (Radix Angelica sinensis) possesses bidirectional immunoregulatory effects, enhancing immune cell proliferation and function, and may benefit immune-related diseases such as cancer and anemia. It also evaluates regulatory and safety aspects, aiming to guide future research and clinical use.

In a mouse model study, researchers found that mutations in Aire reduced alopecia areata frequency, while Notch4 mutations did not lead to the disease, likely due to proximity with a resistance gene.

This review analyzed the complex interactions within the skin microenvironment that influence hair follicle development and regeneration, exploring its role in hair-related disease treatment and highlighting research challenges and future directions.

This study investigated the sub-acute toxicity of Eclipta alba extract in Wistar albino rats, finding generally comparable hematological and biochemical parameters to controls, but noted mild morphological liver and kidney changes at the highest dose, highlighting a key area for further safety research.

This review discusses how dysregulated levels of eicosanoids, which are metabolites of phospholipids, may contribute to skin diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, suggesting the importance of targeted eicosanoid control in diagnosis and treatment.

This retrospective cohort study reported that oral tofacitinib was effective in treating alopecia areata, with 83.2% of patients showing improvement and 16.0% achieving complete remission. Earlier intervention and previous hair regrowth were linked to better outcomes, and no severe adverse events were observed.

This review discusses the use of human-to-mouse xenografting to study human skin processes in vivo, highlighting its importance for understanding skin regeneration and pathology while identifying knowledge gaps and challenges in applying these findings to human skin.

In this study, researchers created a mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate hypotrichosis simplex and woolly hair, finding that Krt71-knockout mice exhibited curly hair and developed complete hair shedding without immune deficiencies, mimicking conditions seen in humans and potentially aiding future hair disorder research.

This review highlights similarities in the development of thymus and skin epidermis, reporting no new results; the authors emphasize shared molecular mechanisms despite different embryonic origins.

In this study of immature male albino rats on a vitamin B12-deficient diet, vitamin B12 supplementation improved body, hair, and thymus growth more effectively than aureomycin when countering the negative effects of cortisone.

This study observed that high concentrations of rosemary and thyme extract caused thymic tissue damage, decreased IgM and IgG levels, and fluctuated IL-10 levels in chick embryos, with inflammation signs present despite potential benefits.

This study found that injecting thymus gland extracts into albino rats significantly accelerated growth and morphological differentiation across generations, including earlier sexual maturation and development of features like hair and teeth.

In this study, researchers identified IL18R+ thymus-resident regulatory T cells in mice, demonstrating their unique molecular features and resistance to age- and stress-induced thymus involution, highlighting IL18 signaling's role in Treg migration and retention.

This study found that the hairless mutant gene in C 57BL/6 mice affects the hair follicle cycle and leads to early thymus degeneration and distinct skin changes.

This study found that thymus transplantation in infants with FOXN1 deficiency led to T-cell reconstitution and functional immunity, resolving serious infections and cytopenias.

This study identified key regions and transcription factors, including SIX1 and FOXN1 itself, that regulate Foxn1 expression in thymic epithelial cells and hair follicle cells, offering insights into its transcriptional regulation.

This study found that the postnatal thymus contains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that may help maintain functional thymic microenvironments.

This study reported that in mice with rapamycin-induced thymic atrophy, Angelica sinensis promoted thymic cortical regeneration and functional recovery by activating the Wnt/CTNNB1/Foxn1 signaling pathway and improving inflammatory microenvironment, suggesting its potential benefit against immune aging.

This study found that IL18 signaling plays a crucial role in the homing and retention of mature regulatory T cells in the mouse thymus, primarily by upregulating the chemokine receptor CCR6.

This study found that lineage-restricted loss of p63 in murine thymic epithelial cells resulted in severe thymic hypoplasia and absence of hair follicles, indicating p63's critical role in thymic and hair follicle development.

This study found that deleting the FoxN1 gene in mice disrupted the 3D thymic epithelial structure and led to 2D epithelial cysts, revealing its crucial role in thymus organization but not causing athymia.

This study found that trichocytic cytokeratins, typically found in hair, are also present in nails, filiform papillae of the tongue, and the epithelial reticulum of the thymus.

This study found that high-dose Cyclosporin A in rats led to significant functional and structural changes, including liver, kidney, and immune system alterations, along with behavioral and hematological effects.

This study found that despite the persistence of aberrant double-negative T-cells, functional immune-competence was maintained after thymic transplantation in a patient with a rare FOXN1 mutation.

This study found that in young male rats, cortisone acetate inhibited body growth and caused alopecia, which vitamin B12 and aureomycin largely counteracted, especially when combined.

This study reports two cases of myasthenia gravis patients with thymoma who exhibited various autoimmune symptoms including alopecia, suggesting a link between thymus-related immune dysregulation and comorbid conditions.

This review discusses the roles and mechanisms of tissue-resident regulatory T cells in immune regulation and tissue homeostasis, but reports no new experimental results.

This study found that 17beta-estradiol enhanced allergy responses in certain age groups of female mice and inhibited thymus involution and regeneration after contact hypersensitivity.

This study found that human placenta hydrolysate effectively inhibited atopic dermatitis development in stimulated human cells and a mouse model, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for related skin diseases.